Near Earth Asteroids (NEAs)

Glossary

Amor asteroid

The Amor asteroids   are a group of near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) named after the asteroid 1221 Amor. They have orbital semi-major axes a > 1 AU and perihelium distance 1.0167 < q < 1.3 AU. They approach the orbit of the Earth from beyond, but do not cross it. Most Amors do cross the orbit of Mars. It is estimated that 32% of the total number of NEAs are Amors.

Apollo asteroid

The Apollo   asteroids are a group of near-Earth asteroids named after asteroid 1862 Apollo. They are Earth-crosser asteroids that have orbital semi-major axes greater than that of the Earth (a > 1 AU) and a perihelion distance q < 1.0167 AU. It is estimated that 62% of the total number of NEAs are Apollos.

Aten asteroid

The Aten asteroids   are a group of near-Earth asteroids, named after asteroid 2062 Aten. They have orbital semi-major axes a of less than 1 AU and aphelion distances Q > 0.9833. It is estimated that 6% of the total number of NEAs are Atens.

IEO asteroids have a < 1 AU and Q < 0.983 AU and so never cross Earth's orbit.

Main-belt asteroid

The asteroid belt   is the region of the Solar System located roughly between the orbits   of the planets Mars and Jupiter. It is occupied by numerous irregularly shaped bodies called asteroids or minor planets. The asteroid belt   region is also termed the main belt to distinguish it from other   concentrations of minor planets within the Solar System.

MOID

Minimum Orbit Intersection Distance (see   Introduction)

NEA

Near Earth Asteroid (see Introduction)

NEO

Near Earth Object (asteroid, comet)

PHA

Potentially Hazardous Asteroid (see Introduction)

Units

6.37103 × 10³ km = mean radius of the Earth

1 Lunar Distance (LD)

3.84401 × 10⁵ km = 0.00257 AU = 60.34 R_Earth, the mean distance   from the Earth to the Moon

1.495979 × 10⁸ km = 389.17 LD, the mean distance   from the Earth to the Sun

H magnitude

V-band magnitude an asteroid would have at 1 AU distance from the Earth, viewed at opposition

7560 NEAs known (ranging in size up to ~32 km: 1036 Ganymed, 1924 TD, H = 9.45 mag, D = 31.7 km), of which 1178 PHAs (ranging in size from 140 m up to ~5 km: 4179 Toutatis, 1989 AC, H = 15.3 mag, D = 4.6×2.4×1.9 km, PHA). See: <neo.jpl.nasa.gov/stats/>.

On NATO and Space Situational Awareness, related to space weather, space debris and Near Earth Objects.

G. Cordero, A. Poveda, 2011, Planetary and Space Science, 59, 10, "Curuça 1930: A probable mini-Tunguska?" See also item of 13 August 1930. See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011P%26SS...59...10C>.

J.L. Tonry, 2011, Publ. Astron. Soc. Pacific, 123, 58, "An early warning system for asteroid impact." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PASP..123...58T>.
See also: <fallingstar.com/>, <www.space.com/8986-asteroid-threat-early-warning-system-proposed.html>, <www.space.com/9629-week-warning-asteroid-strike-simple-scientist.html>.

J.  Žižka, D. Vokrouhlický, 2011, Icarus, 211, 511, "Solar radiation pressure on (99942) Apophis." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011Icar..211..511Z>.
See also: <content.usatoday.com/communities/sciencefair/post/2010/11/apophis-asteroid-2013/1>.

G.S. Orton, L.N. Fletcher, P.W. Chodas, et al., 2011, Icarus, 211, 587, "The atmospheric influence, size and possible asteroidal nature of the July 2009 Jupiter impactor." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011Icar..211..587O>.

Asteroid 2011 AE3 (H = 27.5 mag, D ≈ 10 m) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 1.59 LD. Minimum miss distance 0.00044 LD (= 0.027 REarth from the geocenter).
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2011+AE3&orb=1>.

Asteroid 2011 AM37 (H = 29.7 mag, D ≈ 4 m) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.3 LD. Minimum miss distance 0.3 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2011+AM37+&orb=1>.

Asteroid 2011 AN52 (H = 28.5 mag, D ≈ 7 m) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.8 LD. Minimum miss distance 0.8 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2011+AN52+&orb=1>.

Asteroid 2011 BY10 (H = 27.3 mag, D ≈ 10 m) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.9 LD. Minimum miss distance 0.9 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2011+BY10+&orb=1>.

Fourth NASA Small Bodies Assessment Group Meeting, Washington (DC, USA). See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/sbag/meetings/>, <www.lpi.usra.edu/sbag/meetings/jan2011/poster.pdf>, <www.lpi.usra.edu/sbag/meetings/jan2011/agenda.shtml>.
Some presentations:
- M.V. Sykes, 2011, "Science and exploration of small bodies in the solar system." See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/sbag/meetings/jan2011/presentations/day1/d1_1030_panel_charge.pdf>.
- J.A. Nuth, 2011, "Small body science issues." See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/sbag/meetings/jan2011/presentations/day2/d2_1345_Nuth.pdf>.
- Y. Fernandez, 2011, "Roadmap: population identification and characterization." See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/sbag/meetings/jan2011/presentations/day2/d2_1430_Fernandez.pdf>.
- T. Farnham, 2011, "EPOXI results and future proposals for the spacecraft." See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/sbag/meetings/jan2011/presentations/day3/d3_1300_Farnham.pdf>.
- M. Zolensky, 2011, "Hayabusa update." See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/sbag/meetings/jan2011/presentations/day3/d3_1330_Zolensky_Hayabusa.pdf>.

Asteroid 2011 BW11 (H = 28.3 mag, D ≈ 8 m) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.3 LD. Minimum miss distance 0.3 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2011+BW11+&orb=1>.

Asteroid 2011 CA4 (H = 27.0 mag, D ≈ 15 m) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.6 LD. Minimum miss distance 0.6 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2011+CA4&orb=1>.

Press release Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii (HI, USA), 9 March 2011, "Hawaii astronomers keep tabs on asteroid Apophis." On January 31 University of Hawaii at Manoa astronomers used the UH 2.2-meter telescope on Mauna Kea to take the first new images in over three years of the potentially dangerous near-Earth asteroid Apophis as it emerged from behind the Sun.
See: <www.ifa.hawaii.edu/info/press-releases/Apophis2011Jan/>, <www.space.com/11094-watching-asteroid-apophis-photo.html>, <www.space.com/10047-collision-watch.html>.

S.G. Djorgovski, A.J. Drake, A.A. Mahabal, in: T. Mihara & N. Kawai (eds.), The first year of MAXI: Monitoring Variable X-ray Sources, Proc. International Conference, Aoyama (Tokyo, Japan) 30 November - 2 December 2010 (Tokyo: JAXA Special Publication), "The Catalina Real-Time Transient Survey". See: <maxi.riken.jp/FirstYear/proceedings/procindex.html>.
The Catalina Sky Survey for NEO detection and tracking has as by-product the Catalina Real-time Transient Survey: watching for transient events among the background stars and galaxies. The CRTS has collected 20 billion brightness measurements of 198 million stars and other objects, i.e. an average of 100 brightness measurements for each one. The objects range from 12.5 to 20 mag and span an area of just over half the celestial sphere. See :
See also:
- A.J. Drake, S.G. Djorgovski, A. Mahabal, et al., 2012, in: R.E.M. Griffin, R.J. Hanisch, R. Seaman (eds.), New horizons in time-domain astronomy, Proc. IAU Symposium No. 285 (Cambridge: CUP), p. 306, "The Catalina Real-time Transient Survey." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012IAUS..285..306D >.
See also: <http://www.skyandtelescope.com/astronomy-news/vast-new-trove-of-variable-stars/>, <crts.caltech.edu/>, <nesssi.cacr.caltech.edu/DataRelease/>.

S.-P. Gong, J.-F. Li, Y.-F. Gao, 2011, Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics, 11, 205, "Dynamics and control of a solar collector system for near Earth object deflection." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011RAA....11..205G>.

T.V. Gudkova, Ph. Lognonné, J. Gagnepain-Beyneix, 2011, Icarus, 211, 1049, "Large impacts detected by the Apollo seismometers: impactor mass and source cutoff frequency estimations." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011Icar..211.1049G>.

M.M. Marinova, O. Aharonson, E. Asphaug, 2011, Icarus, 211, 960, "Geophysical consequences of planetary-scale impacts into a Mars-like planet." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011Icar..211..960M>.

NASA's NEOWISE (see 14 Dec 2009) mission completed its survey of asteroids and comets. The mission's discoveries of previously unknown objects include 20 comets, more than 33,000 main belt asteroids and 134 Near-Earth Asteroids.
Ref:
- A. Mainzer, J. Bauer, T. Grav, et al., 2011, Astrophysical Journal, 731, 53, "Preliminary results from NEOWISE: an enhancement to the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer for Solar System science." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011ApJ...731...53M>.
- A. Mainzer, T. Grav, J. Masiero, et al., 2012, Astrophysical Journal, 752, 110, "Characterizing subpopulations within the Near Earth Objects with NEOWISE: preliminary results." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ApJ...752..110M>.
See also: <www.space.com/10735-asteroid-survey-space-rocks-comets.html>, <www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.cfm?release=2011-117&cid=release_2011-117&msource=11117&tr=y&auid=8164024>, <www.jpl.nasa.gov/video/index.cfm?id=935>, <www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2013-257&cid=release_2013-257>.

Asteroid 2011 CQ1 (H = 32.0 mag, D ≈ 1 m) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.031 LD (= 1.861 R_Earth = 11,854 km from the geocenter) over the mid-Pacific. Minimum miss distance 0.031 LD.
This object is the closest non-impacting object in the Minor Planet Center asteroid catalog to date. Prior to the Earth close approach, this object was in a so-called Apollo-class orbit that was mostly outside the Earth's orbit. Following the close approach, the Earth's gravitational attraction modified the object's orbit to an Aten-class orbit where the asteroid spends almost all of its time inside the Earth's orbit.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2011+CQ1+&orb=1>, <en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_CQ1>.
See: <neo.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news170.html>, <www.space.com/10927-asteroid-2011cq1-record-close-pass-earth.html>.

February eta Draconids. A meteor outburst was detected in Cameras for Allsky Meteor Surveillance (CAMS) February 4 data, obtained at the Fremont Peak (Rick Morales, Loren Dynneson, et al.) and Mountain View (Peter Jenniskens) stations. This is the first new shower discovered by CAMS. It is also a very unusual shower, of a type that only occurs once or twice every sixty years and is caused by the dust trail of a (still to be discovered) Potentially Hazardous long-period Comet. The new shower was named the February eta Draconids and is now listed as shower 427 in the IAU Working List of Meteor Showers.
Ref:
-  P. Jenniskens, P.S. Gural, 2011, WGN, Journal of the International Meteor Organization,  39, 93, "Discovery of the February eta Draconids (FED, IAU#427): the dust trail of a potentially hazardous long-period comet." See: <www.imo.net/imo/wgn>.
See also: <cams.seti.org/FED.pdf>, <cams.seti.org/>, <cams.seti.org/CBET2763.txt>, <www.astro.amu.edu.pl/~jopek/MDC2007/Roje/roje_lista.php?corobic_roje=0&sort_roje=0>, <www.space.com/12450-unknown-comet-earth-threat-meteor-shower-evidence.html>.

Asteroid 2011 CF22 (H = 30.9 mag, D ≈  2 m) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.105 LD. Minimum miss distance 0.098 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2011+CF22+&orb=1>.

UN - Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UN-COPUOS), Information on research in the field of NEOs carried out by Member States, international organizations and other entities. See: <www.unoosa.org/pdf/limited/AC105_C1_2011_CRP12E.pdf>.

C. Kazan, 2011, Daily Galaxy, 8 February 2011, "Tracking the realtime threat of near-Earth asteroids & comets – could it save the planet?" See: <www.dailygalaxy.com/my_weblog/2011/02/tracking-the-realtime-threat-of-near-earth-asteroids-will-it-save-the-planet.html>.

Asteroid 2011 CA7 (H = 30.3 mag, D ≈ 3 m)  passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.3 LD. Minimum miss distance 0.3 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2011+CA7+&orb=1>.
See also: <www.space.com/10800-car-size-asteroid-passing-earth.html>.

NASA's Stardust-NExT spacecraft flew by comet Temple 1. See: <stardustnext.jpl.nasa.gov/>, <www.jpl.nasa.gov/asteroidwatch/newsfeatures.cfm?release=2011-053>, <http://stardustnext.jpl.nasa.gov/multimedia/popups/CometTempel1InContext.html>, <http://stardustnext.jpl.nasa.gov/multimedia/tempel1_conf2.html>, <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2011-094>, <http://stardustnext.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/LastDrop.html>.

NASA announces Fiscal Year 2012 Budget. Funds for NEO observations would quadruple to US $20.4 million.See: <www.nasa.gov/news/budget/index.html>, <news.sciencemag.org/scienceinsider/2011/02/climate-science-asteroid-detection.html?ref=ra>.

UN - Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UN-COPUOS) Scientific and Technical SubCommittee WG NEO and Action Team 14 on NEOs, chaired by Sergio Camacho (Mexico), meets in Vienna (Austria).
See: <www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/COPUOS/stsc/2011/index.html>, <www.unoosa.org/pdf/reports/ac105/AC105_987E.pdf>.
Statements:
Thomas D. Jones, chair, ASE Committee on Near-Earth Objects, Statement by the Association of Space Explorers;
Technical presentations:
- A. Grovas (Mexico), "First scientific light of the GMT, millimetric telescope", <www.oosa.unvienna.org/pdf/pres/stsc2011/tech-32.pdf>;
- W. Ailor (IAA), "Planetary Defense Conferences: sharing information on NEO threats and mitigation", <www.oosa.unvienna.org/pdf/pres/stsc2011/tech-36.pdf>;
- T. Jones (ASE), "Results from the Near-Earth Objects Mission Planning and Operations Group workshop", <www.oosa.unvienna.org/pdf/pres/stsc2011/tech-38.pdf>;
- D. Yeomans (USA), "Spaceguard program", <www.oosa.unvienna.org/pdf/pres/stsc2011/tech-42.pdf>;
- T. Yamada (Japan), "Dawn of the age of solar system exploration – Hayabusa, Ikaros, and future ", <www.oosa.unvienna.org/pdf/pres/stsc2011/tech-45.pdf>;
- B. Shustov (Russian Federation), "Towards national near-Earth objects program", <www.oosa.unvienna.org/pdf/pres/stsc2011/tech-47.pdf>.

P. Tanga, 2011, in: C. Turon, F. Meynadier & F. Arenou (eds.), Proc. Interational Conference Gaia: at the frontiers of astrometry, 7-11 June 2010, Sèvre (France), ESA Publication Series, 45, 225, "Solar System science: Gaia and other forthcoming surveys." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011EAS....45..225T>, <wwwhip.obspm.fr/gaia2010/IMG/pdf/Abstract_booklet.pdf>, <www.eas-journal.org/index.php?option=com_article&access=doi&doi=10.1051/eas/1045038&Itemid=129>.

R.A. Kerr, 2011a, Science, 331, 841, "NASA weighs asteroids: cheaper than Moon, but still not easy." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011Sci...331..841K>.

R.A. Kerr, 2011b, Science, 331, 843, "A windfall for defenders of the planet." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011Sci...331..843K>.

Open Global Community NEO Workshop Target NEO: Providing a resilient NEO accessibility program for human exploration beyond low Earth orbit, 22 February 2011, George Washington University, School of Media and Public Affairs, Washington, DC (USA).   See: <targetneo.jhuapl.edu/>, <www.space.com/11189-nasa-asteroid-choice-astronauts-deep-space.html>.
Some of the presentations: (see <http://targetneo.jhuapl.edu/archives/2011.php>)
- T. Jones, 2011, "NEO search reduces risk".
- T.B. Spahr, 2011, "Minor Planet Center, operations and update."
- D.K. Yeomans, 2011, "Precision NEO orbit prediction at JPL."
- J.S. Stuart, 2011, "Searching for asteroids."
- A. Mainzer, 2011, "Space-based NEO detection and tracking: NEOWISE and beyond."
- A.W. Harris, 2011, "NEO population."
- P. Michel, 2011, "Physical properties of NEOs from observations, and their influence for the design of a human mission.".
- L. Benner, 2011, "Arecibo and Goldstone radar characterization of NEO mission targets."
- J.A. Nuth, 2011, "Do we really understand the rocks that astronauts might be visiting."
- D.J. Scheeres, 2011, "Can Small, Fast Spinning Asteroids be Rubble Piles?."
- A. Cheng, 2011, "NEO orbit simulation approach."
- L. Jones, 2011, "NEO detection capabilities of LSST."
- K. Hibbard, 2011, "Near-Earth Survey Telescope (NEST). Human robotic precursor mission concept."
- A. Mainzer, 2011, "Next-generation space-based IR NEO surveys."
- R. R. Arentz, 2011, "A candidate NEO survey mission for affordable human spaceflight target assurance."

Asteroid 2011 DU9 (H = 26.7 mag, D ≈  15 m) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.7 LD. Minimum miss distance 0.7 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2011+DU9&orb=1>.

ESA selected four candidates for a medium-class mission within the Cosmic Vision programme that will launch in the period 2020-22 for an initial Assessment Phase study. Among these candidates is Marco Polo-R, a sample return mission to a Near Earth Asteroid.
See: <www.oca.eu/MarcoPolo-R/>.
Ref:
-  M.A. Barucci, M. Yoshikawa, P. Michel, et al., 2009, Experimental Astronomy, 23, 785, "Marco Polo: near earth object sample return mission." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009ExA....23..785B>;
- P. Michel, A. Barucci, D. Koschny, et al., 2009, in: Proc. 72nd Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical Society, 13-18 July 2009, Nancy (France), Meteoritics and Planetary Science Supplement, p.5261, "Marco Polo: a sample return mission to a primitive Near-Earth Object in assessment study in the ESA program Cosmic Vision 2015-2025." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009M%26PSA..72.5261M>;
- J. de León, T. Mothé-Diniz, J. Licandro, et al., 2011, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 530, id.L12, "New observations of asteroid (175706) 1996 FG3, primary target of the ESA Marco Polo-R mission." See:
<adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011A%26A...530L..12D>;
- M.A. Barucci, A.F. Cheng, P. Michel, et al., 2012, Experimental Astronomy, 33, 645, "Marco Polo-R near earth asteroid sample return mission." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ExA....33..645B>.
- M.A. Barucci, P. Michel, A. Cheng, et al., 2012, LPI Contribution No. 1659, p.1457, "Marco Polo-R: Near Earth Asteroid sample return mission selected for ESA assessment study phase." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012LPI....43.1457B>.
- R.P. Binzel, D. Polishook, F.E. DeMeo, et al., 2012, LPI Contribution No. 1659, p.2222, "Marco Polo-R target asteroid (175706) 1996 FG3: possible evidence for an annual thermal wave." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012LPI....43.2222B>.
- A.S. Rivkin, E.S. Howell, F.E. DeMeo, et al., 2012, LPI Contribution No. 1659, p.1537, "New observations and proposed meteorite analogs of the Marco Polo-R target asteroid (175706) 1996 FG3." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012LPI....43.1537R>.
- K.J. Walsh, M. Delbo, M. Mueller, R.P. Binzel, F.E. DeMeo, 2012, Astrophysical Journal, 748, 104, "Physical characterization and origin of binary Near-Earth Asteroid (175706) 1996 FG3." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ApJ...748..104W>.
- L.A.M. Benner, M. Brozovic, J.D. Giorgini, et al., 2012, American Astronomical Society, DPS meeting #44, #102.06, "Arecibo and Goldstone Radar Observations of binary Near-Earth Asteroid and Marco Polo-R mission target (175706) 1996 FG3." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012DPS....4410206B>.
- C. Lantz, E. Dotto, M.A. Barucci, et al., 2012, American Astronomical Society, DPS meeting #44, #215.02, "The European sample return mission MarcoPolo-R: understanding the nature of extraterrestrial primitive materials and tracing the origins." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012DPS....4421502L>.
See also:
<sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=48467>, <smass.mit.edu/MarcoPolo/home.html>, <www.oca.eu/MarcoPolo-R/Workshops/WorkshopsMarcoPolo-R.html>.

Asteroid 2011 AG5 (H = 21.8 mag, D ≈ 145 m, PHA) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 37.2 LD. Minimum miss distance 37.2 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2011+AG5&orb=1>, <en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_AG5>
See also: 3 February 2023, 4 February 2040.

C.Y. Johnson, 2011, The Boston Globe, 27 February 2011, "Just another asteroid hurtling toward Earth ... ." See: <www.boston.com/news/science/articles/2011/02/27/>.

T. Friend, 2011, The New Yorker, 28 February 2011, p. 22, "Vermin of the sky." See: <www.newyorker.com/reporting/2011/02/28/110228fa_fact_friend>.

M. Delbò, K. Walsh, M. Mueller, A.W. Harris, E.S. Howell, 2011, Icarus, 212, 138, "The cool surfaces of binary near-Earth asteroids." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011Icar..212..138D>.

S.K. Fieber-Beyer, M.J. Gaffey, P.A. Abell, 2011, Icarus, 212, 149, "Mineralogical characterization of near-Earth Asteroid (1036) Ganymed." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011Icar..212..149F>.

M. Fischetti, 2011, Scientific American, 304, 80, "Death by asteroid." See: <www.nature.com/scientificamerican/journal/v304/n3/full/scientificamerican0311-80.html>.

A.W. Harris, M. Mommert, J.L. Hora, et al., 2011, Astronomical Journal, 141, 75, "ExploreNEOs. II. The accuracy of the Warm Spitzer Near-Earth Object Survey." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AJ....141...75H>.

V. Reddy, A. Nathues, M.J. Gaffey, 2011, Icarus, 212, 175, "First fragment of asteroid 4 Vesta's mantle detected." The fragment is NEA (237442) 1999 TA10 (H = 17.9 mag, D ≈ 900 m). See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011Icar..212..175R>.
See also: <www.mpg.de/877913/Pressrelease20110106>, <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=1999+TA10+&orb=1>, <en.wikipedia.org/wiki/(237442)_1999_TA10>.

NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity has nearly completed its three-month examination of an impact crater on Mars informally named "Santa Maria", but before the rover resumes its overland trek, an orbiting camera has provided a color image of Opportunity beside Santa Maria. The High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter acquired the image on March 1. Santa Maria crater is ~ 90 m in diameter. See: <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/wise/newsfeatures.cfm?release=2011-072>.

NASA established a network of smart cameras to keep a robotic vigil on the roughly 100 tons of meteoroids that slam into Earth every day. The cameras are operated by the NASA All-sky Fireball Network of the NASA Meteoroid Environment Office, established in October 2004. See: <fireballs.ndc.nasa.gov/>, <www.nasa.gov/offices/meo/home/aboutMEO-rd.html>, <www.space.com/11010-nasa-tracks-meteor-fireballs-robot-cameras.html>.

Asteroid 2011 EN11 (H = 27.9 mag, D ≈  9 m) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.6 LD. Minimum miss distance 0.6 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2011+EN11+&orb=1>.

ESA Space Science News, 4 March 2011, "The scars of impacts on Mars." See: <www.esa.int/esaSC/SEMTK5VTLKG_index_0.html>.

Asteroid 2011 EY11 (H = 28.6 mag, D ≈  7 m) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.3 LD. Minimum miss distance 0.3 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2011+EY11+&orb=1>.

42nd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, 7-11 March 2011, The Woodlands (TX, USA). See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2011/>.
Among the presentations:
- R.P. Binzel, F.E. DeMeo, M. Lockhart, et al., 2011, LPI Contribution No. 1608, p.2226, "Spectral reconnaissance for 200 Near-Earth Object mission targets." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011LPI....42.2226B>.
- F.E. DeMeo, R.P. Binzel, 2011, LPI Contribution No. 1608, p.2055, "SMASS-Next: A next generation asteroid spectroscopic survey." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011LPI....42.2055D>.

Asteroid 2011 EM40 (H = 28.0 mag, D ≈ 9 m) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.6 LD. Minimum miss distance 0.6 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2011+EM40+&orb=1>.

Asteroid 2011 EB74 (H = 26.9 mag, D ≈ 15 m) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.9 LD. Minimum miss distance 0.7 LD.
See: <http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?orb=1&sstr=2011+EB74+>.
See also: <www.space.com/11145-small-asteroid-2011eb74-passing-earth.html>.

J. Matson, 2011, Scientific American, 30 March 2011, "Which near-Earth asteroids are ripe for a visit?" See: <http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/2011/03/30/which-near-earth-asteroids-are-ripe-for-a-visit/>.

G.L. Matloff, M. Wilga, 2011, Acta Astronautica, 68, 599, "NEOs as stepping stones to Mars and main-belt asteroids." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AcAau..68..599M>.

M.W. Busch, S.J. Ostro, L.A.M. Benner, et al., 2011, Icarus, 212, 649, "Radar observations and the shape of Near-Earth Asteroid 2008 EV5." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011Icar..212..649B>.

S.R. Chesley, 2011, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, 43, 2011, "Asteroid impact hazard assessment over Long time intervals." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011DDA....42.0601C>.

M. Mueller, M. Delbò, J.L. Hora, et al., 2011, Astronomical Journal, 141, 109, "ExploreNEOs. III. Physical characterization of 65 potential spacecraft target asteroids." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AJ....141..109M>.
See also: <www.scientificamerican.com/blog/post.cfm?id=which-near-earth-asteroids-are-ripe-2011-03-30>.

A. Mann, 2012, Nature, 472, 16. "NASA human space-flight programme lost in transition." See: <www.nature.com/news/2011/110405/full/472016a.html>.

Asteroid 2011 GW9 (H = 28.1 mag, D ≈ 9 m) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.5 LD. Minimum miss distance 0.5 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2011+GW9+&orb=1>.
See also: 7 April 2097.

Asteroid 2011 GP28 (H = 29.4 mag, D ≈ 5 m) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.2 LD. Minimum miss distance 0.2 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2011+GP28+&orb=1>.

E. Lu, 2011, Nature, 472, 28, "Deflect risky asteroids." Embedded in article "NASA: what now?" Nature, 472, 27-29. See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011Natur.472R..28L>.

A. Mainzer, J. Bauer, T. Grav, et al., 2011, Astrophysical Journal, 731, 53, "Preliminary results from NEOWISE: an enhancement to the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer for Solar System science." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011ApJ...731...53M>.
See also: <apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap111001.html>.

R.E. Kerr, Science, 332, 302, "Asteroid model shows early life suffered a billion-year battering." Report on presentation at Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, 7-11 March 2011, The Woodlands (TX, USA). See: <www.sciencemag.org/content/332/6027/302.1.summary>.

R.E. Kerr, Science, 332, 302, "Prime science achieved at asteroid." Report on Itokawa particles returned by Hayabusa, presented at Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, 7-11 March 2011, The Woodlands (TX, USA). See:
<  www.sciencemag.org/content/332/6027/302.2.summary>.

Asteroid 2011 GP59 (H = 24.3 mag, D ≈ 50 m) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 1.4 LD. Minimum miss distance 1.4 LD. P_rot ≈ 7.5 min and blinking.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2011+GP59+&orb=1>.
See also: <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2011-118>, <www.youtube.com/watch?v=O7wsAZNr56E>.

O. Abramov, S.J. Mojzsis, 2011, Icarus, 213, 273, "Abodes for life in carbonaceous asteroids?" See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011Icar..213..273A>.

J. Fang, J.-L. Margot, M. Brozovic, et al., 2011, Astronomical Journal, 141, 154, "Orbits of Near-Earth Asteroid triples 2001 SN263 and 1994 CC: properties, origin, and evolution." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AJ....141..154F>.
See also: <en.wikipedia.org/wiki/(136617)_1994_CC>.

C.I. Fassett, S.J. Kadish, J.W. Head, et al., Geophysical Research Letters, 38(10), L10202, "The global population of large craters on Mercury and comparison with the Moon." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011GeoRL..3810202F>.

S. Mouret, F. Mignard, 2011, Monthly Notices Royal Astronomical Society, 413, 741, "Detecting the Yarkovsky effect with the Gaia mission: list of the most promising candidates." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011MNRAS.413..741M>.

NASA announces the selection of proposals for technology development, including NEOCam, an infrared telescope operating at the L1 Lagrange point to study the origin and evolution of NEOs and study the present risk of Earth-impact. It would generate a catalog of objects and accurate infrared measurements to provide a better understanding of small bodies that cross our planet's orbit. Amy Mainzer of JPL is principal investigator. NEOCam, a 50 cm diameter telescope operating at two heat-sensing infrared wavelengths will carry out a four year baseline survey to find 2/3 of the near-Earth objects larger than 140 m (large enough to cause major regional damage in the event of an Earth impact).  By using two heat-sensitive infrared imaging channels, NEOCam can make accurate measurements of NEO sizes and can gain valuable information about their composition, shapes, rotational states, and orbits.
See: <discovery.nasa.gov/news/index.cfml?ID=1034>, <neocam.ipac.caltech.edu/>.
See also: <blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2012/06/28/privately-and-publicly-looking-for-earth-threatening-asteroids/>, <http://marsmobile.jpl.nasa.gov/news/whatsnew/index.cfm?FuseAction=ShowNews&NewsID=1121>, <neocam.ipac.caltech.edu/news/tracking-sensor-passes-test>.

Asteroid 2011 JV10 (H = 29.7 mag, D ≈ 4 m) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.9 LD. Minimum miss distance 0.9 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2011+JV10+&orb=1>.
See also: 4 May 1931.

2011, May 9-12

2011 IAA Planetary Defense Conference,  From Threat to Action, Bucharest (Romania) 9-12 May 2011, sponsored by ESA, NASA and, inter alia, the IAU. See: <www.pdc2011.org/>, <www.nss.org/resources/library/planetarydefense/WhitePaper-2009PlanetaryDefenseConference.pdf>, <iaaweb.org/content/view/426/589/>,   <www.planetary.org/blog/article/00003026/>, <www.planetary.org/blog/article/00003028/>, <ieet.org/index.php/IEET/more/sandberg20110513>.
Presentations:
In Session 1:
- D. Morrison, "Historical overview of the cosmic impact hazard."
- R. Crowther, R. Tremayne-Smith, "Responding to the Near Earth Object (NEO) impact threat through appropriate policy initiatives."
- A.W. Harris, and the NEOShield Consortium, "A global approach to near-Earth object impact threat mitigation." See also: <elib.dlr.de/70019/>. Report on the international NEOShield project to address impact hazard mitigation issues, contained in a proposal to the European Commission FP7 Space Programme Call 2011, entitled Prevention of impacts from near-Earth objects on our planet.
In Session 2:
- A.W. Harris, 2011, "Update of estimated NEO population and current survey completion."
- D.K. Yeomans, A.B. Chamberlin, 2011, "Comparing the Earth impact flux from comets and near-Earth asteroids."
- R. Wainscoat, R. Jedicke, L. Denneau, et al., 2011, "The Pan-STARRS search for Near Earth Asteroids: present status and future plans."
- D. Hestroffer, D. Bancelin, W. Thuillot, P. Tanga, 2011, "Gaia Astrometry of Near-Earth Objects."
- A. Hildebrand, B. Gladman, E.F. Tedesco, et al., 2011, "The Near Earth Object Surveillance Satellite (NEOSSat) will search near-Sun along the ecliptic plane to efficiently discover objects of the Aten and Atira orbital classes."
- P.A. Abell, R.G. Mink, J.B. Garvin, et al., 2011, "A space-based Near-Earth Object Survey Telescope in support of human exploration, solar system science, and planetary defense."
In Session 3:
- P. Michel, 2011, "Physical properties of Near-Earth Objects that inform mitigation."
- A. Mainzer, J. Bauer, T. Grav, et al., 2011, "NEOWISE – an infrared view of NEOs and the solar system."
- L. Benner, L.A.M. Benner, 2011, "Radar tracking and Near-Earth Object characteristics."
- A. Milani, F. Bernardi, D. Farnocchia, G.B. Valsecchi, 2011, "1999 RQ36 impact risk and modeling the long-term Yarkovsky effect."
- S. Chesley, 2011, "Asteroid impact hazard assessment over long time intervals."
In Session 4:
- G. Longo, L. Gasperini, E. Bonatti, et al., 2011, "Consequences of the Tunguska impact and their interpretation."
- M.O. Mueller, 2011, "Creating awareness – the impact hazard in public education. Curricula content, students' interests and concepts and educational implementation."
- M. Boslough, 2011, "Airburst warning and response."
- G.R. Gisler, 2011, "Calculation of the impact of a small asteroid on a continental shelf."
- D. Isvoranu, S. Danaila, V. Badescu, 2011, "Dynamics of tsunamis generated by asteroid impact in the Black Sea."
- L. Ferrier, J.-L. Vérant, J.-M. Moschetta, et al., 2011, "The protective role of the Earth’s atmosphere against the threat of asteroids."
In Session 5:
- J.T. Grundmann, S. Mottola, M. Drentschew, et al., 2011, "AsteroidSquads/iSSB – a synergetic NEO deflection campaign and mitigation effects test mission scenario."
- A. Zimmer, E. Messerschmid, 2011, "Target selection and mission analysis of human exploration missions to near-earth asteroids."
- Y. Sugimoto, G. Radice, J.P. Sanchez, 2011, "Effects of NEO composition on deflection methodologies."
- C. Foster, J. Bellerose, D. Mauro, J. Belgacem, 2011, "Mission concepts and operations for asteroid mitigation involving multiple Gravity Tractors."
- N. Melamed, 2011, "Development of a handbook and an on-line tool on defending Earth against potentially hazardous objects."
- A. Galvez, I. Carnelli, 2011, "ESA asteroid mission studies: what have we learnt?"
- S. Wagner, B. Wie, 2011, "Robotic and human exploration/deflection mission design for asteroid 99942 Apophis."
- X. Zhang, C. Granier, E. Ball, L. Kochmanski, S.D. Howe, 2011, "Near Earth Object interception using nuclear thermal rocket propulsion."
In Session 6:
- K. Housen, K.A. Holsapple, 2011, "Measuring the momentum transfer for asteroid deflections."
- O. Golubov, Y.N. Krugly, 2011, "Influence of intermediate-scale structures on Yarkovsky and YORP effect."
- A. Klesh, T. Yoshimitsu, T. Kubota, 2011, "Improved navigation techniques for asteroid landers and impactors."
- J. Gil-Fernandez, R. Cadenas, T. Prieto, D. Escorial, 2011, "Design options for NEO missions."
- C.S. Plesko, R.P. Weaver, W.F. Huebner, 2011, "Numerical models of hazard mitigation by nuclear stand-off burst."
- M. Bruck, D.S.P. Dearborn, 2011, "Limits on the use of nuclear explosives for asteroid deflection."
- B. Wie, 2011, "Hypervelocity nuclear interceptors for asteroid deflection or disruption."
- J. Bellerose, C. Foster, D. Mauro, B. Jaroux, 2011, "Gravity tractor strategies for deflecting a binary asteroid system."
- V.P. Friedensen, P. Abell, B. Drake, 2011, "Meeting objectives for human exploration of Near-Earth Asteroids: first steps in understanding how to explore."
- C. Bombardelli, J. Peláez, E. Ahedo, et al., 2011, "The ion beam shepherd: a new concept for asteroid deflection."
In Session 7:
- A. Gibbings, J.-M. Hopkins, D. Burns, M. Vasile, 2011, "On testing laser ablation processes for asteroid deflection."
- M. Micheli, D.J. Tholen, G.T. Elliott, 2011, "Detecting radiation pressure on NEOs: the case of 2009 BD."
- C. Norlund, H.G. Lewis, P.M. Atkinson, J.Y. Guo, 2011, "NEOMiSS: A Near Earth Object decision support tool."
- D. Farnocchia, F. Bernardi, A. Milani, 2011, "The performances of a wide survey on a population of impactors."
- D. Bancelin, W. Thuillot, D. Hestroffer, 2011, "Near Earth Asteroids orbits from Gaia and ground-based observations."
- B. Kaplinger, B. Wie, D. Dearborn, 2011, "Nuclear fragmentation/dispersion modeling and simulation of hazardous Near-Earth Objects."
- N.K. Mishra, G. Patel, 2011, "Development of mission design process for collision avoidance of Near Earth Objects."
In Session 8:
- B.Shustov, Yu.Makarov, 2011, "Towards national NEO program."

D. Bodewits, M. S. Kelley, J.-Y. Li, et al., 2011, Astrophysical Journal Letters, 733, L3, "Collisional excavation of asteroid (596) Scheila". Main-belt asteroid collision. See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011ApJ...733L...3B>.
See also: <www.nasa.gov/topics/universe/features/asteroid-collision.html>, <svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010700/a010747/>.

D. Jewitt, H. Weaver, M. Mutchler, et al., 2011, Astrophysical Journal Letters, 733, L4, "Hubble Space Telescope observations of main-belt comet (596) Scheila." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011ApJ...733L...4J>.

J. de Léon, T. Mothé-Diniz, T. Licandro, et al., 2011, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 530, L12, "New observations of asteroid (175706) 1996 FG3, primary target of the ESA Marco Polo-R mission." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011A%26A...530L..12D>.

J.-B. Kikwaya, M. Campbell-Brown, P.G. Brown, 2011, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 530, A113, "Bulk density of small meteoroids." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011A%26A...530A.113K>.

N. Pinter, A.C. Scott, T.L. Daulton, et al., 2011, Earth Science Reviews, 106, 247, "The Younger Dryas impact hypothesis: a requiem." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011ESRv..106..247P>, <www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825211000262>.

V. Reddy, A. Natheus, M.J. Gaffey, S. Schaeff, 2011, Planetary and Space Science, 59, 772, "Mineralogical characterization of potential targets for the ASTEX mission scenario." The ASTEX mission concept aims at in-situ surface characterization of two compositionally diverse NEAs, one with primitive and the other with a strong thermally evolved surface mineralogy. See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011P%26SS...59..772R>.

T. Turrini, G. Magni, A. Coradini, 2011, Monthly Notices Royal Astronomical Society, 413, 2439, "Probing the history of Solar system through the cratering records on Vesta and Ceres." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011MNRAS.413.2439T>.

F. Usui, D. Kuroda, T.G. Mueller, 2011, Publications Astronomical Society of Japan, 63, 1117, "Asteroid catalog using AKARI/IRC Mid-infrared Asteroid Survey." 58 NEAs detected in survey of 5120 objects. See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PASJ...63.1117U>.

UN - Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UN-COPUOS, 54^th session) and Action Team 14 on NEOs, chaired by Sergio Camacho (Mexico), did meet in Vienna (Austria). See: <www.oosa.unvienna.org/oosa/en/COPUOS/index.html>.
Technical presentation:
- W. Ailor, 2011, Summary of the 2011 IAA Planetary Defense Conference. See: <www.oosa.unvienna.org/pdf/pres/copuos2011/tech-27.pdf>.

2011, Jun 2

Asteroid 2009 BD (H = 28.3 mag, D ≈ 8 m)  passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.9 LD. Minimum miss distance 0.9 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2009+BD+&orb=1>.
Ref:
-  M. Micheli, D.J. Tholen, G.T. Elliott, 2012, New Astronomy,17, 446, "Detection of radiation pressure acting on 2009 BD." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012NewA...17..446M>.
- J. Foust, 2013, thespacereview.com, 22 April 2013, "To catch a planetoid." See: <www.thespacereview.com/article/2283/1>.

First images from the ESO VLT Survey Telescope (VST). See: <www.eso.org/public/news/eso1119/>, <www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/surveytelescopes.html>.

ESA Workshop Scientific and technological aspects of a sample return mission to a  Near Earth Asteroid: the ESA Cosmic Vision M3 mission MarcoPolo-R, ESA-ESRIN, Frascati (Italy).  MarcoPolo-R is a sample return mission to a NEA, selected by ESA as part of its Cosmic Vision M3 programme for an assessment study with launch in 2020-2022. See: <www.oa-roma.inaf.it/MarcoPolo-R/MarcoPolo-R/Home.html>.

C.D.K. Herd, A. Blinova, D. Simkus, 201, Science, 332, 1304, "Origin and evolution of prebiotic organic matter as inferred from the Tagish Lake Meteorite." See: <www.sciencemag.org/content/332/6035/1304.abstract?sid=22a6dae6-2ea2-4c33-a0a6-5937339f249b>.

Workshop on Very Wide Field Surveys in the Light of Astro2010, Baltimore (MD, USA). See: <widefield2011.pha.jhu.edu/>, <www.stsci.edu/institute/conference/verywidefield>.

B. Schmitz, P.R. Heck, C. Alwmark, et al., 2011, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 306 (3-4), 149, "Determining the impactor of the Ordovician Lockne crater: oxygen and neon isotopes in chromite versus sedimentary PGE signatures." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011E%26PSL.306..149S>.

C.A.L. Bailer-Jones, 2011, Monthly Notices Royal Astronomical Society, 416, 1163, "Bayesian time series analysis of terrestrial impact cratering." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011MNRAS.416.1163B>. See also: <www.spacedaily.com/reports/Earth_Impacts_More_Likely_in_the_Past_or_Present_999.html>.

Asteroid 2011 MD (H = 28.1  mag, D ≈ 9 m) passed  Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.0485 LD (= 2.928 R_Earth from the geocenter, = 18,653 km from the geocenter, = 12,282 km from the Earth surface). Minimum miss distance 0.0485 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2011+MD+&orb=1>, <en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_MD>.
See also: <neo.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news172.html>, <www.space.com/12067-asteroid-2011-md-close-earth-flyby-june-27.html>, <www.space.com/12086-asteroid-2011-md-buzzes-earth-pictures.html>, <web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2011/3q-2011md-binzel-0626.html>, and 18 June 2086.

A. Christou, D.J. Asher, 2011, Monthly Notices Royal Astronomical Society, 414, 2965, "A long-lived horseshoe companion to the Earth." On asteroid 2010 SO16 (H = 20.6 mag, D ≈ 250 m, PHA) and its horseshoe orbit. See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011MNRAS.414.2965C>. 
See also: <www.arm.ac.uk/press/2011/aac_horseshoe_orbit.html>, <star.arm.ac.uk/highlights/2011/574.html>, <www.technologyreview.com/blog/arxiv/26608/>, <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/wise/newsfeatures.cfm?release=2011-112>, <www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/WISE/news/wise20110408.html>, <en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_SO16>.

R. Duffard, K. Kumar, S. Pirrotta, et al., 2011, Advances in Space Research, 48, 120, "A multiple-rendezvous, sample-return mission to two near-Earth asteroids." Proposal of a dual-rendezvous mission, targeting NEAs, including sample-return. The proposed mission, Asteroid Sampling Mission (ASM), comprises flyby and remote sensing of a Q-type asteroid, and sampling of a V-type asteroid. See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AdSpR..48..120D>.

C.W. Hergenrother, R. J. Whiteley,  2011, Icarus, 214, 194, "A survey of small fast rotating asteroids among the near-Earth asteroid population." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011Icar..214..194H>.

M. Le Feuvre, M.A. Wieczorek, M.A., 2011, Icarus, 214, 1, "Non-uniform cratering of the Moon and a revised crater chronology of the inner Solar System." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011Icar..214....1L>.

C. Magri, E.S. Howell, M.C. Nolan, et al, 2011, Icarus, 214, 210, "Radar and photometric observations and shape modeling of contact binary near-Earth asteroid (8567) 1996 HW1." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011Icar..214..210M>.

O. Vaduvescu, A. Tudorica, M. Birlan, et al., 2011, Astronomische Nachrichten, 332, 580, "Mining the CFHT Legacy Survey for known Near Earth Asteroids." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AN....332..580V>.

X.-Y. Zeng, H. Baoyin, J.-F. Li, et al., 2011, Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics, 11(7), 863, "New applications of the H-reversal trajectory using solar sails." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011RAA....11..863Z>.

S. Siregar, 2011, arXiv:1107.1024, "Will 3552 Don Quixote [PHA] escape from the Solar System?" See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011arXiv1107.1024S> <personal.fmipa.itb.ac.id/suryadi/files/2012/01/SEAAN2012_p5_Suryadi_ed.pdf>, <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=3552+Don+Quixote+&orb=1>
See also: ITB Journal of Science, 43A (3), 187; <www.universetoday.com/87348/3552-don-quixote-leaving-our-solar-system/>, <en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3552_Don_Quixote>.

Anton M.J. (Tom) Gehrels (1925 - 2011, Netherlands/USA), founder of the Spacewatch project, passed away.
See:  <uanews.org/node/40649>, <www.skyandtelescope.com/news/125432648.html>, <azstarnet.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/article_1702e3a9-fc0c-50f0-adf1-f84c5b0abf3b.html>, <www.nature.com/news/2008/080625/full/4531164a.html>, <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988gsaa.book.....G>, <uanews.org/node/16265>, <www.lpl.arizona.edu/calendar/calendar.php?ID=457>, <en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Gehrels>. 
See also: 1980.

R. Cowen, 2011, Nature, 475, 147, "Dawn nears Vesta." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011Natur.475..147C>.

2011, Jul 16

NASA spacecraft Dawn, launched 27 September 2007 with German (DLR, MPS) and Italian (ASI-INAF) instrumentation,  reached main-belt asteroid 4 Vesta (H = 3.20 mag, D = 530 km) and will orbit it at an altitude of 650 - 200 km for one year, to map 80 % of the asteroid's surface. Departure from Vesta on 5 September 2012 with destination dwarf planet (former main-belt asteroid) 1 Ceres (H = 3.34 mag, D = 952 km) in April 2015.
Ref:
- C.T. Russell, C.A. Raymond, A. Coradini, et al., 11 May 2012, Science, 336, 684, "Dawnat Vesta: testing the protoplanetary paradigm." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012Sci...336..684R>.
- R. Jaumann, D.A. Williams, D.L. Buczkowski, et al., 11 May 2012, Science, 336, 687, "Vesta's shape and morphology." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012Sci...336..687J>.
- S. Marchi, H.Y. McSween, D.P. O'Brien, et al., 11 May 2012, Science, 336, 690, "The violent collisional history of asteroid 4 Vesta." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012Sci...336..690M>.
- P. Schenk, D.P. O'Brien, S. Marchi, et al., 2012, Science, 336, 694, "The geologically recent giant impact basins at Vesta’s South Pole." See: <www.sciencemag.org/content/336/6082/694.full>.
- M.C. De Sanctis, E. Ammannito, M.T. Capria, et al., 11 May 2012, Science, 336, 697, "Spectroscopic characterization of mineralogy and its diversity across Vesta." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012Sci...336..697D>.
- V. Reddy, A. Nathues, L. Le Corre, et al., 11 May 2012, Science, 336, 700, "Color and albedo heterogeneity of Vesta from Dawn." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012Sci...336..700R>.
- C.T. Russell, C.A. Raymond, R. Jaumann, et al.,  April 2013, Meteoritics & Planetary Science, Online Early, "Dawn completes its mission at 4 Vesta." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/doi/10.1111/maps.12091>.
See also: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=4+Vesta+&orb=1>, <dawn.jpl.nasa.gov/>, <antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap060820.html>, <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/wise/newsfeatures.cfm?release=2010-330>, <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/wise/newsfeatures.cfm?release=2011-075>, <www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/dawn/news/dawn20110329.html>, <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2011-100>, <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2011-130>, <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2011-138>, <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2011-179>, <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2011-192>, <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2011-206>, <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2011-208>, <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2011-212>, <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2011-213>, <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2011-221>, <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2011-232>, <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2011-235>, <www.jpl.nasa.gov/video/index.cfm?id=1009>, <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2011-250>, <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2011-293>, <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2011-307>, <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2011-317>, <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/wise/newsfeatures.cfm?release=2011-319>, <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2011-366>, <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2011-375>, <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/wise/newsfeatures.cfm?release=2011-384>, <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2011-391>, <www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/dawn/multimedia/gallery-index.html>, <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2012-024>, <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2012-082>, <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2012-107>, <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2012-117>, <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2012-132>, <www.space.com/15574-asteroid-vesta-dawn-spacecraft.html>, <www.space.com/15641-asteroid-vesta-protoplanet-jupiter.html>, <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2012-156>, <www.space.com/17119-nasa-dawn-asteroid-spacecraft-vesta.html>,
<www.dlr.de/dlr/en/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-10081/151_read-4916/year-all/>, <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2012-271>, <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2012-277>, <www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2012-284&cid=release_2012-284>, <apod.nasa.gov/apod/astropix.html>, <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2012-297>, <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2012-301>, <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2012-304>, <www.space.com/18022-asteroid-vesta-magnetic-field.html>, <www.space.com/18299-asteroid-vesta-dark-carbon-impacts.html>, <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2012-342>, <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2012-389>, <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2013-001>, <www.lpi.usra.edu/sbag/meetings/jan2013/presentations/sbag8_presentations/TUES_1315_Raymond_SBAGJan2013_Dawn.pdf>, <www.dlr.de/dlr/en/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-10081/151_read-8172/year-all/#gallery/12276>, <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2013-293>, <en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_Vesta>.

Morocco Fireball seen 18 July 2011 over Tata (Morocco). The fireball yields rare Mars meteorites. See: <blogs.nature.com/news/2012/01/morocco-fireball-yields-rare-mars-meteorite.html>, <www.space.com/14268-rare-mars-meteorite-rocks-tissint.html>, <www.space.com/20426-mercury-meteorite-discovery-messenger.html>, <www.space.com/20547-mercury-meteorite-mystery-age.html>.

Kelly Beatty, 2011, Sky & Telescope, 22 July 2011, "Massive meteorite found in China." A massive space rock – one that could rank as one of the largest meteorites ever recovered – has been found in the Altai Mountains of Xinjiang Uygur province in northwest China, at an altitude of 2900 m. The large brown iron-nickel meteorite juts out from beneath a larger granite slab and the portion above ground measures about 2.3 m long and half as wide. The meteorite's mass could range between 25 to 30 tons, which would make it one of the largest meteorites known. If so, this space rock would surpass the current largest one in China, a 28-ton meteorite that was discovered in 1898 in the same region. See:  <www.space.com/12416-giant-meteorite-china-discovery.html>.

Asteroid 2011 PU1 (H = 25.1 mag, D ≈ 35 m) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.9 LD. Minimum miss distance 0.9 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2011+PU1+&orb=1>.
See also: 26 July 1997.

M. Connors, P. Wiegert, C. Veillet, 28 July 2011, Nature, 475, 481, "Earth's Trojan asteroid". See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011Natur.475..481C>, <www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7357/full/nature10233.html>.
During NASA's WISE mission the first "Trojan" asteroid sharing Earth's orbit: 2010 TK7 (NEO, H = 20.6 mag, D ≈ 300 m) was discovered, liberating around the leading Lagrange triangular point, L4. Its orbit is stable over at least ten thousand years. 
See also: 
<blogs.nature.com/news/2011/07/astronomers_spot_earths_first.html>, <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2011-230>, <www.nasa.gov/multimedia/videogallery/index.html?media_id=103550791>, <neo.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news173.html>, <www.space.com/12443-earth-asteroid-companion-discovered-2010-tk7.html>, <www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,2085982,00.html>, <www.floridatoday.com/article/20121130/COLUMNISTS0404/311300013/Stargazing-Asteroid-s-near-Earth-encounter-just-days-away>.
Additional literature:
- M.G. Connors, P. Wiegert, C. Veillet, 2011, in: American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2011, abstract #P23C-1727, "Discovery of an Earth Trojan Asteroid." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFM.P23C1727C>.
- R. Dvorak, C. Lhotka, L. Zhou, May 2012, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 541, 127, "The orbit of 2010 TK7. Possible regions of stability for other Earth Trojan asteroids." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012A%26A...541A.127D>.

Asteroid 2011 OD18 (H = 26.5 mag, D ≈ 20 m) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.4 LD. Minimum miss distance 0.4 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2011+OD18+&orb=1>.

J.M. Houtkooper, 2011, Planetary and Space Science, 59, 1107, "Glaciopanspermia: Seeding the terrestrial planets with life?"  See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011P%26SS...59.1107H>.

L.B.S. Pham, Ö. Karatekin, V. Dehant, 2011, Planetary and Space Science, 59, 1087, "Effects of impacts on the atmospheric evolution: comparison between Mars, Earth, and Venus." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011P%26SS...59.1087P>.

J. Tóth, P. Vereš, L. Kosnoš, 2011, Monthly Notices Royal Astronomical Society, 415, 1527, "Tidal disruption of NEAs –  a case of Příbram meteorite." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011MNRAS.415.1527T>.

74^th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical Society, London (UK),  8-12 August 2011. See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/metsoc2011/>.

International Primitive Body Exploration Working Group 2011, Workshop, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena (CA, USA). See: <ipewg.caltech.edu/>.
Among the presentations:
- L. Johnson, 2011, "Planetary defense activities at NASA Science Mission Directorate." See: <ipewg.caltech.edu/IPEWG_Released_Presentations/>.
- T. Jones, 2011, "A synergistic strategy for robotic and human NEO exploration." See: <ipewg.caltech.edu/IPEWG_Released_Presentations/>.
- D. Koschny, G. Drolshagen, 2011, "The Near-Earth Object segment of ESA’s Space Situational Awareness programme (SSA-NEO)." See: <ipewg.caltech.edu/IPEWG_Released_Presentations/>.
- E. Kürt, J. Biele, 2011, "Present and future exploration of primitive bodies at the German Aerospace Center." See: <ipewg.caltech.edu/IPEWG_Released_Presentations/DLR%20ipewg2011.ppt>.
- T.M. Randolph, 2011, "NEO Surveyor." See: <ipewg.caltech.edu/IPEWG_Released_Presentations/NEO%20Surveyor.pptx>.
- JHU/APL, a joint study with GSFC and JSC, 2011, "Near Earth Survey Telescope." See: <ipewg.caltech.edu/IPEWG_Released_Presentations/NEST_IPEWG_2011.pptx>.

N. Atkinson, 2011, Universe Today, 23 August 2011, "Human mission to an asteroid: why should NASA go?" See: <www.universetoday.com/88384/human-mission-to-an-asteroid-why-should-nasa-go/>.

M.P. Callahan, K.E. Smith, H.J. Cleaves, et al., 2011, Proc. National Academy of Sciences of the U.S.A., 108, 13995, "Carbonaceous meteorites contain a wide range of extraterrestrial nucleobases." See: <www.pnas.org/content/108/34/13995.full.pdf+html?sid=ebf88fed-799c-46cc-925f-93bf24de94fc>.
See also: <www.gl.ciw.edu/news/did_life_on_earth_get_its_start_from_meteorites>.

H.-X. Baoyin, Y. Chen, J.-F. Li, 2011, Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics (Chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics), 10, 587, "Capturing Near Earth Objects." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010RAA....10..587B>. See also: <www.technologyreview.com/blog/arxiv/27112/>.

Cusco Fireball Meteor sighted over Cusco (Peru), 25 August 2011. See: <www.telegraph.co.uk/science/space/8724019/Meteorite-soars-over-Peru.html>, <www.youtube.com/watch?v=rdQLQmoHuJk>.

Mission Planning and Operations Group (MPOG) preparation Workshop on international recommendations of Near-Earth Object threat mitigation, organized by COPUOS STsC Action Team 14, jointly with the Association of Space Exploreres (ASE) the Secure World Foundation (SWF), and hosted by NASA in Pasadena (CA, USA), 25-26 August 2011. Follow-up of workshop  held at ESA/ESOC, Darmstadt (Germany), 27-29 October 2010.
The MPOG will be part of the decision structure for an imminent impact threat, as proposed by the ASE and adopted by UN COPUOS's Action Team 14.
See: <swfound.org/events/2011/workshop-on-international-recommendations-for-neo-threat-mitigation>, <www.newswise.com/articles/view/580097/?sc=dwtr&xy=5028369>.

Fifth NASA Small Bodies Assessment Group meeting, 25-26 August 2011. Pasadena (CA, USA). See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/sbag/meetings/>, <www.cvent.com/events/5th-meeting-of-the-nasa-small-bodies-assessment-group/event-summary-47d7c1cecd5841878eb6ca7b07554dfc.aspx>, <www.lpi.usra.edu/sbag/meetings/aug2011/agenda.shtml>.
Presentations:
- J. Nuth, 2011, "SBAG roadmap. Science issues." See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/sbag/meetings/aug2011/presentations/1030_Nuth_SBAG5.pdf>.
- M. Zolensky, P. Weissman, 2011, "Sample return roadmap." See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/sbag/meetings/aug2011/presentations/1100_Sykes_SBAG5.pdf>.
- Y. Fernandez, 2011, "Roadmap: population identification characterization." See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/sbag/meetings/aug2011/presentations/1430_Fernandez_SBAG5.pdf>.
- J. Green, L. Johnson, 2011, "Planetary Science Division activities with small bodies." See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/sbag/meetings/aug2011/presentations/Green_LNJ.pdf>.
- P. Abell, 2011, "Roadmap for human exploration of small bodies." See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/sbag/meetings/aug2011/presentations/1450_Abell_SBAG5.pdf>.

R.A. Kerr, 2011, Science, 333, 1081, "Hayabusa gets to the bottom of deceptive asteroid cloaking." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011Sci...333.1081K>, <www.sciencemag.org/content/333/6046/1081.summary>.

A.N. Krot, 2011, Science, 333, 1098, "Bringing part of an asteroid back home." See:
<adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011Sci...333.1098K>, <www.sciencemag.org/content/333/6046/1098.summary>. 
See also: <http://www.nature.com/news/2011/110825/full/news.2011.506.html>, <physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/46981>.

T. Nakamura, T. Noguchi, M. Tanaka, et al., 2011, Science, 333, 1113, "Itokawa dust particles: a direct link between S-type asteroids and ordinary chondrites." See:
<  adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011Sci...333.1113N>, <www.sciencemag.org/content/333/6046/1113>.

H. Yurimoto, K, Abe, M. Abe, et al., 2011, Science, 333, 1116, "Oxygen isotopic compositions of asteroidal materials returned from Itokawa by the Hayabusa mission." See:
<adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011Sci...333.1116Y>,    <www.sciencemag.org/content/333/6046/1116>.

M. Ebihara, S. Sekimoto, N. Shirai, et al., 2011, Science, 333, 1119, "Neutron activation analysis of a particle returned from asteroid Itokawa." See:
<adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011Sci...333.1119E>,    <www.sciencemag.org/content/333/6046/1119>.

T. Noguchi, T. Nakamura, M. Kimura, et al., 2011, Science, 333, 1121, "Incipient space weathering observed on the aurface of Itokawa dust particles." See:
<adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011Sci...333.1121N>,    <www.sciencemag.org/content/333/6046/1121>.

A. Tsuchiyama, M. Uesugi, T. Matsushima, et al., 2011, Science, 333, 1125, "Three-dimensional structure of Hayabusa samples: origin and evolution of Itokawa regolith." See:
<adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011Sci...333.1121N>,    <www.sciencemag.org/content/333/6046/1125>.

K. Nagao, R. Okazaki, T. Nakamura, et al., 2011, Science, 333, 1128, "Irradiation history of Itokawa regolith material deduced from noble gases in the Hayabusa samples." See:
<  adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011Sci...333.1128N>, <www.sciencemag.org/content/333/6046/1128>.

A. Dell'Oro, S. Marchi, P. Paolicchi, 2011, Monthly Notices Royal Astronomical Society, Letters, 416, L26, "Collisional evolution of near-Earth asteroids and refreshing of the space-weathering effects." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011MNRAS.416L..26D>.

F. Moreno, J. Licandro, J.L. Ortiz, et al., Astrophysical Journal, 738,  130, "(596) Scheila in outburst: a probable collision event in the main asteroid belt." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011ApJ...738..130M>.

A. Thomas, D.E. Trilling, J.P. Emery, et al., 2011, Astronomical Journal, 142, 85, "ExploreNEOs. V. Average albedo by taxonomic complex in the Near-Earth Asteroid population." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AJ....142...85T>.

J. Yang, J.I. Goldstein, E.R.D. Scott, et al., 2011, Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 46, 1227, "Thermal and impact histories of reheated group IVA, IVB, and ungrouped iron meteorites and their parent asteroids." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011M%26PS...46.1227Y>.

Starting from 1 September 2011 NEODyS (see item 1999, March 5-6) is sponsored by ESA, which pays a portion of the operating costs, both for the background orbit and risk computations and for the database and web interface; the rest of the cost is covered, as before, by the Department of Mathematics, University of Pisa, with the running research grants of the Celestial Mechanics Group, and by IASF-INAF (Rome), with a PRIN-INAF grant.  See: <newton.dm.unipi.it/neodys/>.

The Space Generation Advisory Council (SGAC) announced the winner of the 2011 Move an Asteroid Competition, Alison Gibbings (UK). See: <spacegeneration.org/index.php/eventstopics/news/454-sgac-announces-the-winner-of-the-2011-move-an-asteroid-competition>, <spacegeneration.org/images/stories/Projects/NEO/MAA/a_smart_cloud_approach_to_asteroid_deflection.pdf>.

M. Willbold, T. Elliott, S. Moorbath, 2011, Nature, 477,195, "The tungsten isotopic composition of the Earth’s mantle before the terminal bombardment." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011Natur.477..195W>, <www.nature.com/nature/journal/v477/n7363/full/nature10399.html>.

Meteor fireball over Southern California, Arizona and Nevada (USA). See: <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2011-291>, <www.amsmeteors.org/2011/09/major-fireball-event-seen-from-southern-california-arizona-and-nevada-september-14th-2011-945-pdt/>, <latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2011/09/meteor-reports-across-sky.html>.

International Meteor Conference 2011, 30th edition, 15-18 September, Sibiu (Romania), See: <www.imo.net/imc2011/index.php>.

Memorial seminar Tom Gehrels 1925-2011: A Celebration of Life, Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, Kuiper Space Sciences, Rm 308, Tucson (AZ, USA), 16 September 2011, 3:00 - 5:00 p.m.. See: <www.lpl.arizona.edu/calendar/calendar.php?ID=457>.

Asteroid 2011 SE58 (H = 27.6 mag, D ≈ 10 m) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.6 LD. Minimum miss distance 0.6 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2011+SE58+&orb=1>.
See also: <www.space.com/13145-2-small-asteroids-pass-earth-moon.html>.

Keck Institute for Space Studies (KISS) Workshop Asteroid Retrieval Mission Study, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena (CA, USA), 27-30 September 2011. See: <kiss.caltech.edu/workshops/asteroid2011/index.html>, <www.wired.com/wiredscience/2011/10/asteroid-moving/>, <www.space.com/13164-killer-asteroids-deflection-humanity-cooperation.html>, <billionyearplan.blogspot.com/2011/10/to-deflect-killer-asteroids-humanity.html>, <www.newscientist.com/article/dn23039-nasa-mulls-plan-to-drag-asteroid-into-moons-orbit.html>, <www.space.com/19151-asteroid-moon-orbit-nasa-study.html>.
Study final report (2 April 2012): <kiss.caltech.edu/study/asteroid/asteroid_final_report.pdf>.
Other presentations:
- J. Brophy, F. Culick, L. Friedman, et al., March 14, 2012, "Asteroid retrieval feasibility." See:
<kiss.caltech.edu/study/asteroid/20120314_ESA_ESTEC.pdf>.
- J.R. Brophy, L. Friedman, F. Culick, et al., March 7, 2012, "Asteroid retrieval mission feasibility study." See: <kiss.caltech.edu/study/asteroid/20120307_IEEE_Presentation.pdf>.
- J.R. Brophy, L. Friedman, F. Culick, July 9, 2012, "Asteroid retrieval mission feasibility study." See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/sbag/meetings/jul2012/presentations/TUES_1645_Brophy_Asteroid_Return.pdf>,
See also: <www.space.com/19151-asteroid-moon-orbit-nasa-study.html>, <www.space.com/20538-nasa-asteroid-capture-funding.html>, <www.space.com/20552-nasa-considers-plan-to-lasso-an-asteroid-for-study-video.html>,<www.space.com/20591-nasa-asteroid-capture-mission-feasibility.html>,<www.nasa.gov/news/budget/index.html>,<www.space.com/20599-nasa-2014-budget-highlights.html>,<www.space.com/20601-animation-of-proposed-asteroid-retrieval-mission-video.html>, <www.thespacereview.com/article/2283/1>, <targetneo.jhuapl.edu>, <www.nasa.gov/content/new-imagery-of-asteroid-mission/#.UkNbdX-TLpe>, <www.nasa.gov/content/asteroid-initiative-idea-synthesis-workshop/#.UkPgqn-TLpc>.

Asteroid 2011 TO (H = 26.3 mag, D ≈ 20 m) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.3 LD. Minimum miss distance 0.3 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2011+TO+&orb=1>.
See also: 28 September 1980, 27 September 2044.

First NEA detected by the Teide Observatory Tenerife Asteroid Survey (TOTAS) during an observation slot sponsored by the ESA Space Situational Awareness (SSA) programme : 2011 SF108 (H = 20.0 mag, D = 350 m).
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2011+SF108&orb=1>, <www.esa.int/SPECIALS/SSA/SEMURW6UXSG_0.html>,
See also: <www.space.com/13272-asteroid-discovery-amateur-astronomers-2011-sf108.html>, <news.discovery.com/space/near-earth-asteroid-discovered-via-crowd-sourcing-111012.html>, <www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2048797/Amateur-skywatchers-Tenerife-impact-threat-asteroid.html>, <tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/mpml/message/26123>.

Observations by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, or WISE, in a survey program called NEOWISE, show that there are significantly fewer near-Earth asteroids in the mid-size range than previously thought. The findings also indicate that the Spaceguard program has found 911 NEAs, more than 93% of the estimated 981±19  NEAs larger than 1000 m, meeting the 90% goal agreed to with U.S. Congress in 1998. For smaller objects the NEOWISE detection census reads: 
~1,200 (80%) of the estimated ~1,500 NEAs in the 500-1000 m range; 
~1,100 (46%) of the estimated ~2,400 NEAs in the 300-500 m range; 
~2,000 (13%) of the estimated ~15,700 NEAs in the 100-300 m range. 
The estimated number of NEAs with D > 140 m is 13,200 ± 1,900. 
The estimated number of NEAs with D > 100 m is 20,500 ± 3,000. 
Ref: 
- A. Mainzer, T. Grav, J. Bauer, et al., 2011, Astrophysical Journal, 743, 156, "NEOWISE observations of Near-Earth Objects: preliminary results." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011ApJ...743..156M>.
- A. Mainzer, T. Grav, J. Masiero, et al., June 2012, Astrophysical Journal,752, 110, "Characterizing subpopulations within the Near Earth Objects with NEOWISE: preliminary results." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ApJ...752..110M>.
See also: <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2011-304>, <www.jpl.nasa.gov/video/index.cfm?id=1023>, <apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap111001.html>, <www.space.com/13132-potentially-killer-asteroids-earth-nasa.html>, <www.space.com/13129-killer-asteroids-wise.html>.

Asteroid 2011 SM137 (H = 27.8 mag, D ≈ 10 m) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.8 LD. Minimum miss distance 0.8 LD. 
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2011+SM137+&orb=1>.
See also: <www.space.com/13145-2-small-asteroids-pass-earth-moon.html>.

G. Beekman, 2011, Zenit, oktober 2011, "Vier trouwe begeleiders van de aarde."

G.C. de Elía, R.P. Di Sisto, 2011, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 534, A129, "Impactor flux and cratering on Ceres and Vesta: Implications for the early Solar System." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011A%26A...534A.129D>.

M. Elvis, J. McDowell, J.A. Hoffman, R.P. Binzel, 2011, Planetary and Space Science, 59, 1408, "Ultra-low delta-v objects and the human exploration of asteroids." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011P%26SS...59.1408E>.

D.H. Forgan, E. Martin, 2011, International Journal of Astrobiology, 10, 307, "Extrasolar asteroid mining as forensic evidence for extraterrestrial intelligence." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011IJAsB..10..307F>.

S.-P. Gong, J.-F. Li, X.-Y. Zeng, 2011, Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics, 11, 1123, "Utilization of H-reversal trajectory of solar sail for asteroid deflection." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011RAA....11.1123G>. See also: <www.asianscientist.com/topnews/tsinghua-university-spacecraft-solar-sail-asteroid-apophis-earth-2036/>, <www.space.com/12645-asteroid-deflection-doomsday-earth-capability.html>, <www.space.com/12781-space-missions-deflect-dangerous-asteroids-apophis.html>.

Yu.D. Medvedev, 2011, Solar System Research, 45, 386, "Determination of the orbits of near-Earth asteroids from observations at the first opposition." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011SoSyR..45..386M>.

G. Pratesi, V.M. Cecchi, 2011, Atlas of Meteorites (Cambridge: CUP). See: <www.cambridge.org/aus/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521840354>.

V.V. Shuvalov, I.A. Trubetskaya, 2011, Solar System Research, 45, 392, "Numerical simulation of high-velocity ejecta following comet and asteroid impacts: preliminary results." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011SoSyR..45..392S>.

O. Vaduvescu, M. Birlan, A. Tudorica, et al., 2011, Planetary and Space Science, 59, 1632, "EURONEAR – recovery, follow-up and discovery of NEAs and MBAs using large field 1-2m telescopes." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011P%26SS...59.1632V>.

S.D. Wolters, A.J. Ball, N. Wells, et al., 2011, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 59, 1506, "Measurement requirements for a near-Earth asteroid impact mitigation demonstration mission." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011P%26SS...59.1506W>. See also: <www.technologyreview.com/blog/arxiv/27028/>.

European Planetary Science Congress - DPS Joint Meeting, 2-7 October 2011, Nantes (France). See: <meetings.copernicus.org/epsc-dps2011/>.
Some contributions:
- M. Brož, A. Morbidelli, W.F. Bottke, et al., 2011, p. 559, "Asteroid families versus the Late Heavy Bombardment." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011epsc.conf..559B>.
- F. Bernardi, G.B. Valsecchi, D. Farnocchia, 2011, p. 905, "Contribution of an NEO Wide Survey for the small impactors population completeness." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011epsc.conf..905B>.
- R.P. Binzel, 2011, p. 1156, "Near-Earth Asteroid – Meteorite puzzle: putting the pieces together." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011epsc.conf.1156B>.
- M.W. Busch, L.A.M. Benner, D.J. Scheeres, et al., 2011, p. 297, "Twenty years of Toutatis." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011epsc.conf..297B>.
- G.J. Consolmagno, D.T. Britt, R.J. Macke, 2011, p. 578, "Cautionary tales about comparing meteorites to asteroids." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011epsc.conf..578C>.
- G.J. Consolmagno, C. Opeil, D.T. Britt, 2011, p. 574, "Uniaxial stress/strain of meteorites." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011epsc.conf..574C>.
- F.E. DeMeo, S. Greenstreet, B. Gladman, R.P. Binzel, 2011, p. 338, "The distribution of Q-types among NEOs." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011epsc.conf..338D>.
- J. Gayon-Markt, M. Delbo, A. Morbidelli, 2011, p. 915, "On the origin of the Almahata Sitta meteorite and asteroid 2008 TC3." See: <http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012MNRAS.424..508G>.
- M. Granvik, J. Vaubaillon, R. Jedicke, 2011, p. 797, "Population characteristics for natural Earth satellites." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011epsc.conf..797G>.
- S. Greenstreet, H. Ngo, B. Gladman, et al., 2011, p. 536, "Production of retrograde NEAs." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011epsc.conf..536G>.
- T.J. Jopek, 2011, p. 15, "The Near-Earth Asteroid streams." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011epsc.conf...15J>.
- M. Mueller, D.E. Trilling, J.L. Hora, et al., 2011, p. 839, "ExploreNEOs: the Warm Spitzer Near Earth Object survey." See: <http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011epsc.conf..839M>.
- T.G. Müller, S. Hasegawa, M. Abe, 2011, p. 1505, "Near-Earth asteroid 162173 (1999 JU3): constraining size, albedo, shape, spin-axis and thermal properties via thermophysical model techniques." See: <http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011A%26A...525A.145M>.
- S.P. Naidu, J.L. Margot, M.W. Busch, et al., 2011, p. 310, "Binary Near-Earth Asteroid 2000 DP107: component shapes, mutual orbit, evolution." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011epsc.conf..310N>.
- E. Perozzi, A. Rossi, G.B. Valsecchi, 2011, p. 1469, "On the selection of targets for human missions to NEOs." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011epsc.conf.1469P>.
- E. Schunova, M. Granvik, R. Jedicke, et al., 2011, p. 1875, "Searching for near-Earth asteroid families." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011epsc.conf.1875S>.
- T.S. Statler, 2011, p. 1680, "The spin rates of small Near-Earth Asteroids." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011epsc.conf.1680S>.
- C.A. Thomas, D.E. Trilling, J.P. Emery, 2011, p. 1531, "ExploreNEOs: average albedo by taxonomic complex in the near-Earth asteroid population." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011epsc.conf.1531T>.
- G.B. Valsecchi, G.F. Gronchi, 2011, p. 402, "The ever changing population of large NEAs: a global view." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011epsc.conf..402V>.
- R. Wainscoat, R. Jedicke, L. Denneau, et al., 2011, p. 714, "The Pan-STARRS search for Near Earth Asteroids: present status and future plans." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011epsc.conf..714W>.

Draconid meteor shower, left-overs from the tail of comet Giacobini-Zinner, observed from ESA Falcon-20 research airplanes. See: <www.esa.int/esaSC/SEM8DPGURTG_index_0.html>.

I. Halevy, W.W. Fischer, J.M. Eiler, 2011, Proc. National Academy of Sciences, 108, 16895, "Carbonates in the Martian meteorite Allan Hills 84001 formed at 18 ± 4 °C in a near-surface aqueous environment." See: <www.pnas.org/content/108/41/16895.abstract>.

Asteroid 2011 UT (H = 25.8 mag, D ≈ 25 m) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.6 LD. Minimum miss distance 0.6 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2011+UT+&orb=1>.

Closest approach of asteroid 1036 Ganymed (1924 TD, H = 9.45 mag, D = 31.7 km), largest NEA known, in the period 1900-2100 yr: 0.36 AU ≈ 140 LD ≈ 55 million km. 
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=1924+TD&orb=1>, <en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1036_Ganymed>.
Ref: 
J. Meeus, M. Drummen, September 2011, Zenit, "Ganymed in aantocht." See: <www.dekoepel.nl/zenit/september2011.html>.
See also: 13 October 2024.

G.R. Osinski, L.L. Tornabene, R.A.F. Grieve, 2011, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 310, 167, "Impact ejecta emplacement on terrestrial planets." See: <www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X11004675>.

Asteroid 2009 TM8 (H = 28.6 mag, D ≈ 7 m) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.9 LD. Minimum miss distance 0.5 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2009+TM8+&orb=1>.
See also: 17 October 2009.

Asteroid 2011 UL169 (H = 28.3 mag, D ≈ 8 m) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.7 LD. Minimum miss distance 0.7 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2011+UL169+&orb=1>.

Asteroid 2011 UX255 (H = 27.4 mag, D ≈ 10 m) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.4 LD. Minimum miss distance 0.4 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2011+UX255+&orb=1>.

H. Sierks, P. Lamy, C. Barbieri, et al., 2011, Science, 334, 487, "Images of asteroid 21 Lutetia: a remnant planetesimal from the early Solar System." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011Sci...334..487S>.

S. Breiter, A. Rożek, D. Vokrouhlický, 2011, Monthly Notices Royal Astronomical Society, 417, 2478, "Yarkovsky-O'Keefe-Radzievskii-Paddack effect on tumbling objects." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011MNRAS.417.2478B>.

M. Brozović, L.A.M. Benner, P.A. Taylor, et al., 2011, Icarus, 216, 241, "Radar and optical observations and physical modeling of triple near-Earth Asteroid (136617) 1994 CC." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011Icar..216..241B>.

M. Hicks, J. Somers, T. Truong, et al., 2011, The Astronomer's Telegram, #3763, "Broadband photometry of 2005 YU55: Solar phase behavior and absolute magnitude." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011ATel.3763....1H>.

J. Kimberley, K.T. Ramesh, 2011, Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 46, 1653, "The dynamic strength of an ordinary chondrite." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011M%26PS...46.1653K>.

J.R. Masiero, A.K. Mainzer, T. Grav, et al., 2011, Astrophysical Journal, 741, 68, "Main belt asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary albedos and diameters." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011ApJ...741...68M>. See also: <www.jpl.nasa.gov/asteroidwatch/newsfeatures.cfm?release=2011-296>.

M. Popescu, M. Birlan, R. Binzel, et al., 2011, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 535, A15, "Spectral properties of eight near-Earth asteroids." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011A%26A...535A..15P>.

Asteroid 308635 (2005 YU55, H = 21.1 mag, D ≈ 325 m, P_o = 1.22 yr, PHA) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of  0.846 LD (and the Moon at a nominal miss distance of 0.624 LD). Minimum miss distance 0.845 LD.
Arecibo Observatory radar imaging on 19 April 2010 reduced uncertainties about its orbit by 50%, eliminating any possibility of an impact with the Earth for the next 100 years. New Arecibo Observatory and Goldstone radar observations on 7 and 8 November confirmed a spherical shape. On 19 January 2029, asteroid 2005 YU55 will pass Venus at a nominal distance of 0.74 LD; minimum miss distance 0.66 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2005+YU55&orb=1>, <en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_YU55>.
Ref: 
- M. Hicks, K. Lawrence, L. Benner, 2010, The Astronomer's Telegram, #2571, "Palomar spectroscopy of 2001 FM129, 2004 FG11, and 2005 YU55." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010ATel.2571....1H>;
- M. Hicks, J. Somers, T. Truong, et al., 2011, The Astronomer's Telegram, #3763, "Broadband photometry of 2005 YU55: Solar phase behavior and absolute magnitude." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011ATel.3763....1H>.
- P.A. Taylor, M.C. Nolan, E.S. Howell, et al., 2011, Bulletin American Astronomical Society, AAS Meeting #219, #432.11, "Radar observations of 2005 YU55's flyby of Earth." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AAS...21943211T>.
- N.A. Moskovitz, B. Yang, L.F. Lim, et al., 2012, in: 43rd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, 19-23 March 2012, The Woodlands (TX, USA), LPI Contribution No. 1659, p.2080, "The near-Earth encounter of asteroid 2005 YU55: visible and near-infrared spectroscopy." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012LPI....43.2080M>.
- L.F. Lim, J.P. Emery, N.A. Moskovitz, M. Granvik, 2012, in: 43rd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, 19-23 March 2012, The Woodlands (TX, USA), LPI Contribution No. 1659, id.2202, "The near-Earth encounter of 2005 YU55: thermal infrared observations from Gemini North." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012LPI....43.2202L>.
- B.D. Warner, R.D. Stephens, J.W. Brinsfield, et al., 2012, Minor Planet Bulletin, 39, 84,"Lightcurve analysis of NEA 2005 YU55." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012MPBu...39...84W>.
- L.F. Lim, J.P. Emery, N.A. Moskovitz, et al., October 2012, American Astronomical Society, DPS meeting #44, #305.01, "The Near-Earth encounter of asteroid 308635 (2005 YU55): thermal IR observations." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012DPS....4430501L>.
- T. G. Mueller, T. Miyata, C. Kiss, M. A. Gurwell, et al., July 2013, Astronomy & Astrophysics, in press, e-print arXiv:1307.7517, "Physical properties of asteroid (308635) 2005 YU55 derived from multi-instrument infrared observations during a very close Earth-approach." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013arXiv1307.7517M>.
See also: <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/wise/newsfeatures.cfm?release=2010-144>, <www.nasa.gov/topics/solarsystem/features/asteroid20100429.html>,  <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2005%20YU55%20;orb=1;cov=0;log=0;cad=1#cad>, <www.news.cornell.edu/stories/April10/AreciboAsteroid.html>, <www.space.com/8312-potentially-dangerous-asteroid-spotted-passing-earth.html>, <www.space.com/11310-huge-asteroid-2005-yu55-passing-earth-november.html>, <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/05/100503010702.htm>, <www.planetary.org/blog/article/00002463/>, <neo.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news171.html>, <www.nature.com/news/2011/111102/full/news.2011.625.html>, <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2011-129>, <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2011-332>, <www.ustream.tv/recorded/18250783>, <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2011-343>, <herschel.cf.ac.uk/news/herschel-observe-near-earth-asteroid>, <www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/11/08/asteroid-earth-2011-november-yu55_n_1081710.html?ref=green>, <www.youtube.com/watch?v=R-ZVqiN3OBE>, <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2011-346>, <www.space.com/13549-huge-asteroid-2005yu55-close-earth-flyby.html>, <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2011-351>, <www.cbc.ca/news/world/story/2011/11/09/asteroid-research.html>, <apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap111109.html>, <en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2005-YU55-Trajectory-8th-Nov-2011.png>.
See also: 12 August 2005, 8 November 2075.

The Second Arab Impact Cratering and Astrogeological Conference (AICAC II), 13-20 November 2011, Casablanca (Morocco). See: <www.fsac.ac.ma/aicaii/index.html>.

Near Earth Objects (NEOs) Working Group on Media Communications and Risk Management, held 14-15 November 2011 at the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP) at the University of Colorado, Boulder (CO, USA). The event was co-sponsored by Secure World Foundation and the Association of Space Explorers.
See: <swfound.org/events/2011/near-earth-objects-mediarisk-communications-working-group>, <www.unoosa.org/pdf/pres/stsc2012/tech-46E.pdf>.
Report: <swfound.org/media/82686/>.
See also: <www.skyandtelescope.com/community/skyblog/newsblog/If-An-Impact-Looms-Then-What-134136683.html>, <bigthink.com/ideas/41151?page=all>, <cosmiclog.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2011/11/16/8845471-asteroid-debate-rises-to-next-level>, <www.space.com/16033-asteroid-strike-global-warning-system.html>.

NASA Human Space Exploration Community Workshop on the Global Exploration Roadmap, 14-16 November 2011, San Diego (CA, USA). The workshop did frame the Global Exploration Roadmap, with overviews of NASA's plans for human spaceflight, including exploration missions to an asteroid and Mars. See: <www.nasa.gov/exploration/about/isecg/ger-workshop.html>.

Charles F. Bolden Jr., 2011, NASA Administrator, Statement before the Subcommittee on Science and Space Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation, U. S. Senate. See: <www.spaceref.com/news/viewsr.html?pid=39082>.

EU FP7 NEOShield proposal approved and grant agreement signed by the European Commission. Overall funding is M€ 5.8, including M€ 1.8 from partners, for a project lifetime of 3.5 years. NEOShield involves 13 partner institutes in France, Germany, Russia, Spain, UK and USA, and will be coordinated by DLR in Berlin (Germany). The NEOShield project, which formally commences in 1 January 2012, covers investigation of physical properties of NEOs, mitigation methods, technology development, demonstration missions, and a global response campaign roadmap. The NEOShield kick-off meeting will be held at DLR, 16-17 January 2012.
See: <www.dlr.de/dlr/en/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-10081/151_read-2640/year-2012/>, <elib.dlr.de/70019/>.

UN - Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UN-COPUOS), Information on research in the field of NEOs carried out by Member States, international organizations and other entities. A/AC.105/C.1/100. See: <www.oosa.unvienna.org/pdf/reports/ac105/C1/AC105_C1_100E.pdf>.

Ph. Plait, 2011, Bad Astronomy, 22 November 2011, "My asteroid impact talk is now on TED!" See: <blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2011/11/22/my-asteroid-impact-talk-is-now-on-ted/>, <www.ted.com/talks/phil_plait_how_to_defend_earth_from_asteroids.html>.

D. Bancelin, F. Colas, W. Thuillot, et al., 2011, in: G. Alecian, K. Belkacem, R. Samadi & D. Valls-Gabaud (eds.), SF2A-2011: Proceedings of the Annual meeting of the French Society of Astronomy and Astrophysics, "Updated orbit of Apophis with recent observations." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011sf2a.conf..629B>.

D. Bancelin, D. Hestrofer, W. Thuillot, 2011, in: G. Alecian, K. Belkacem, R. Samadi & D. Valls-Gabaud (eds.), SF2A-2011: Proceedings of the Annual meeting of the French Society of Astronomy and Astrophysics, "Orbit of potentially hazardous asteroids using Gaia and ground-based observations." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011sf2a.conf..263B>.

B.E. Clark, R.P. Binzel, E.S. Howell, et al., 2011, Icarus, 216, 462, "Asteroid (101955) 1999 RQ36: spectroscopy from 0.4 to 2.4 μm and meteorite analogs." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011Icar..216..462C>.

V.V. Emel'Yanenko, S.A. Naroenkov, B.M. Shustov, 2011, Solar System Research, 45, 498, "Distribution of the Near-Earth Objects." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011SoSyR..45..498E>.

L.V. Ksanfomality, 2011, Solar System Research, 45, 504, "Dynamical evolution of the nucleus of comet Hartley 2 and asteroid Itokawa." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011SoSyR..45..504K>.

I.V. Lomakin, M.B. Martynov, V.G. Pol', A.V. Simonov, 2011, Solar System Research, 45, 577, "Asteroid hazard, real problems and practical actions." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011SoSyR..45..577L>.

E.T. Lu, 2011, Scientific American, 305, 16, "Stop the killer rocks." See: <www.nature.com/scientificamerican/journal/v305/n6/full/scientificamerican1211-16.html>.

A. Mainzer, T. Grav, J. Bauer, et al., 2011, Astrophysical Journal, 743, 156, "NEOWISE observations of Near-Earth Objects: preliminary results." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011ApJ...743..156M>.

J.-Y. Prado, A. Perret, O. Boisard, 2011, Advances in Space Research, 48, 2011, "Deflecting Apophis with a flotilla of solar shields." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AdSpR..48.1911P>.

S.A. Sandford, 2011, in: J. Cernicharo & R. Bachiller (eds.), The Molecular Universe, Proc.  IAU Symposium No. 280 (Cambridge: CUP), p. 275, "The power of sample return missions - Stardust and Hayabusa." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011IAUS..280..275S>.

P.A. Taylor, M.C. Nolan, E.S. Howell, et al., 2011, Bulletin American Astronomical Society, AAS Meeting #219, #432.11, "Radar observations of 2005 YU55's flyby of Earth." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AAS...21943211T>.

K.A. van der Hucht, 2011, in: Newsletter European Astronomical Society, Issue 42, p. 6, "Potential hazards of Near Earth Objects – truth and consequences." See: <eas.unige.ch/newsletter.jsp>.

P. Vemazza, P. Lamy, O. Groussin, et al., 2011, Icarus, 216, 650, "Asteroid (21) Lutetia as a remnant of Earth's precursor planetesimals." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011Icar..216..650V>.

Asteroid 2011 XC2 (H = 23.0 mag, D ≈ 90 m) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.9 LD. Minimum miss distance 0.9 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2011+XC2+&orb=1>.

UN - Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UN-COPUOS), Near-Earth objects, 2011-2012, Interim report of Action Team 14 on Near-Earth Objects. See: <www.unoosa.org/pdf/limited/c1/AC105_C1_L317E.pdf>.

Asteroid 2011 YQ1 (H = 25.6 mag, D ≈ 30 m) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 1.0 LD. Minimum miss distance 1.0 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2011+YQ1+&orb=1>.

UN - Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UN-COPUOS), Near-Earth objects, 2011-2012. Draft recommendations of the Action Team on Near-Earth Objects for an international response to the near-Earth object impact threat. See: <www.unoosa.org/pdf/limited/c1/AC105_C1_L317E.pdf>.

A.L. Gronstal, 2011, Astrobiology Magazine, 15 December 2011, "Seeking a pot of geological gold", See: <www.astrobio.net/index.php?option=com_expedition&task=detail&id=4400>.
See also: <www.space.com/14069-mass-extinction-earth-impact-triassic-jurassic.html>.

Asteroid 2011 YC40 (H = 29.7 mag, D ≈ 4 m) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.3 LD. Minimum miss distance 0.3 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2011+YC40+&orb=1>.

Asteroid 2012 AQ (H = 30.7 mag, D ≈ 4 m) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.7 LD. Minimum miss distance 0.7 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2012+AQ+&orb=1>.

Asteroid 2011 YC63 (H = 29.0 mag, D ≈ 6 m) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.6 LD.Minimum miss distance 0.6 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2011+YC63&orb=1>.

8457 NEAs known (ranging in size up to ~32 km: 1036 Ganymed, 1924 TD, H = 9.45 mag, D = 31.7 km), of which 1277 PHAs (ranging in size from 140 m up to ~5 km: 4179 Toutatis, 1989 AC, H = 15.3 mag, D = 4.6×2.4×1.9 km, PHA). See: <neo.jpl.nasa.gov/stats/>.

K.J. Burleigh, H.J. Melosh, L.L. Tornabene, et al. 2012, Icarus, 217, 194, "Impact airblast triggers dust avalanches on Mars." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012Icar..217..194B>.
See also: <redplanet.asu.edu/?p=1157>, <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009LPI....40.1431B>.

J. Fang, J.-L. Margot, 2012, Astronomical Journal, 143, 24, "Near-Earth binaries and triples: origin and evolution of spin-orbital properties."  See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AJ....143...24F>.

J. Fang, J.-L. Margot, 2012, Astronomical Journal, 143, 25, "Binary asteroid encounters with terrestrial planets: timescales and effects."  See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AJ....143...25F>.

S. Greenstreet, H. Ngo, B. Gladman, 2012, Icarus, 217, 355, "The orbital distribution of Near-Earth Objects inside Earth’s orbit." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012Icar..217..355G>.

Asteroid 2011 YB63 (H = 29.8 mag, D ≈ 4 m) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.6 LD. Minimum miss distance 0.6 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2011+YB63+&orb=1>.

MarcoPolo-R workshop Physical characterisation of MarcoPolo-R targets, Observatoire de Paris, Meudon (France), 12-13 January 2012. See: <smass.mit.edu/MarcoPolo/home.html>.
Presentations:
Session 1. Visible and near-infrared observations.
- A. Barucci, 2012, "MarcoPolo-R Near Earth Asteroid sample return mission. Welcome and introduction" See: <smass.mit.edu/MarcoPolo/presentations/Barucci_MarcoPolo-R_Meudon2012.ppt>.
- F. DeMeo, 2012, "Comparison of the surface properties of asteroids 1996 FG3, 1999 RQ36, and 1999 JU3, targets of MarcoPolo‐R, OSIRIS‐REx, and Hyabusa‐2." See: <http://smass.mit.edu/MarcoPolo/presentations/DeMeo_MarcoPolo-R_Meudon2012.pdf>.
- A. Rivkin, E. Howell, R. Vervack, et al., 2012, "New observations of 1996 FG3 from 0.8-4 microns and potential meteorite analogs." See: <smass.mit.edu/MarcoPolo/presentations/Rivkin_MarcoPolo-R_Meudon2012.pptx>.
- M. Birlan, M. Popescu, F. Colas, A. Nedelcu, 2012, "Focus on (175706) 1996 FG3: modeling spectra using M4AST and new observational results from Pic du Midi." See: <smass.mit.edu/MarcoPolo/presentations/Birlan_MarcoPolo-R_Meudon2012.ppt>.
Session 2. Thermal and radar observations and dynamics.
- J. Emery, 2012, "Thermal characterization of surfaces of small asteroids." See: <smass.mit.edu/MarcoPolo/presentations/Emery_MarcoPolo-R_Meudon2012.ppt>.
- S. Green, 2012, "Constraints on thermal inertia of (175706) 1996 FG3 using a rough surface thermophysical model." See: <smass.mit.edu/MarcoPolo/presentations/Green_MarcoPolo-R_Meudon2012.ppt>.
- H. Campins, J. de León, A. Morbidelli, et al., 2012, "The origin of asteroids accessible to Marco Polo-R." See: <smass.mit.edu/MarcoPolo/presentations/Campins_MarcoPolo-R_Meudon2012.ppt>.
- K.Walsh, M. Delbo, M. Mueller, R.Binzel, F. De Meo, 2012, "Physical characterization and origin of binary
near-Earth asteroid (175706) 1996 FG3." See: <smass.mit.edu/MarcoPolo/presentations/Delbo_MarcoPolo-R_Meudon2012.pdf>.
- P. Michel, 2012, "Possible formation mechanism of binary asteroids and which assumptions can we make on their regolith properties." See: <smass.mit.edu/MarcoPolo/presentations/Michel_MarcoPolo-R_Meudon2012.pdf>.
Session 3. Shape models and meteorite comparison.
- P. Vernazza, 2012, "Among the yet unsampled meteorite classes, which one will we learn the most from?" See: <smass.mit.edu/MarcoPolo/presentations/Vernazza_MarcoPolo-R_Meudon2012.pdf>.
- J.M. Trigo-Rodríguez, J. Llorca, J.M. Madiedo, et al., 2012, "UV to IR reflectance spectra of Antarctic carbonaceous chondrites to better characterize Marco Polo-R target." See: <smass.mit.edu/MarcoPolo/presentations/Trigo_MarcoPolo-R_Meudon2012.pdf>.
- B. Carry, 2012, "Roadmap for characterization of Marco Polo-R targets." See: <smass.mit.edu/MarcoPolo/presentations/Carry_MarcoPolo-R_Meudon2012.pdf>.
Session 4. Mission information.
- A. Cheng, L. Benner, R. Binzel, et al., 2012, "Physical characterization of MarcoPolo-R targets." See: <smass.mit.edu/MarcoPolo/presentations/Cheng_MarcoPolo-R_Meudon2012.pdf>.
- D. Koschny, 2012, "MarcoPolo-R programmatics, science requirements, and engineering requirements for target characterisation." See: <smass.mit.edu/MarcoPolo/presentations/Detlef_MarcoPolo-R_Meudon2012.ppt>.

Asteroid 2012 BK14 (H = 27.5 mag, D ≈ 10 m) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 4.3 LD. Minimum miss distance 0.1 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2012+BK14+&orb=1>.

NEOShield Kick-off Meeting, Berlin (Germany), 16-17 January 2012. See: 17 November 2011, and <www.dlr.de/dlr/en/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-10081/151_read-2640/year-2012/>, <www.dlr.de/dlr/en/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-10081/151_read-2640/>, <www.astrium.eads.net/node.php?articleid=8210>, <www.neoshield.net/en/index.htm>.
Ref:
- A.W. Harris, M.A. Barucci, J.L. Cano, et al., 15 September 2012, Acta Astronautica, online, "The European funded NEOShield project: A global approach to Near-Earth Object impact threat mitigation." See: <elib.dlr.de/70019/1/NEOShield_paper_pdc11.pdf>, <www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0094576512003360>.
- A.W. Harris, L. Drube, NEOShield Consortium, October 2012, American Astronomical Society, DPS meeting #44, #210.05, "The NEOShield project: understanding the mitigation-relevant physical properties of potentially hazardous asteroids." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012DPS....4421005H>.
See also: <www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-16633217>, <www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-16651642>, <bit.ly/zduUOb>, <http://www.space.com/14370-asteroid-shield-earth-threat-protection-meeting.html>, <en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEOShield>.

M. Wall, 2012, Space.com, 17 January 2012, "Rare Mars rocks crashed to Earth in July." Meteorite fragments (7 kg) originating from Mars, found near Tissint (Morocco), three months after fireball seen 18 July 2011 over Tata (Morocco). See: <www.space.com/14268-rare-mars-meteorite-rocks-tissint.html>.
See also: <www.space.com/20426-mercury-meteorite-discovery-messenger.html>

Sixth NASA Small Bodies Assessment Group meeting, 17-18 January, 2012, Washington (DC, USA). See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/sbag/>.
Presentations:
- D.S. Lauretta, B.E. Clark, 2012, "OSIRIS-REx." See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/sbag/meetings/jan2012/presentations/1000_Clark.pdf>.
- M.A. Barucci, A. Cheng, 2012, "Status of Marco Polo-R. Near Earth Asteroid sample return mission." See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/sbag/meetings/jan2012/presentations/1315_Cheng.pdf >.
- M. Zolensky, 2012, "Hayabusa sample preliminary analysis." <www.lpi.usra.edu/sbag/meetings/jan2012/presentations/1330_Zolensky.pdf >.

Asteroid 2012 BV1 (H = 31.0 mag, D ≈ 3 m) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.8 LD. Minimum miss distance 0.8 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2012+BV1+&orb=1>.

Asteroid 2012 BX34 (H = 27.6 mag, D ≈ 10 m) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.17 LD (= 10.3 R_Earth from the geocenter). Minimum miss distance 0.17 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2012+BX34+&orb=1>, <en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_BX34>.
See also: <www.space.com/14373-asteroid-2012-bx34-earth-flyby.html>, <www.universetoday.com/93177/2012-bx34-behind-the-scenes-in-the-discovery-of-a-near-earth-asteroid/>.
See also: 27 January 1959.

2012, Jan 31

Asteroid 433 Eros (1898 DQ, H = 11.16 mag, D = 34.4 × 11.2 × 11.2 km, orbital P = 1.76 yr, Amor asteroid), passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 69.5 LD (= 0.18 AU).
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=1898+DQ&orb=1>, <en.wikipedia.org/wiki/433_Eros>.
See also: <www.universetoday.com/93101/asteroid-to-make-closest-approach-since-1975/>, <transitofvenus.nl/wp/getting-involved/eros-and-the-solar-parallax/>, <http://www.skyandtelescope.com/astronomy-news/observing-news/the-eros-parallax-project/>, <www.space.com/14472-asteroid-eros-earth-flyby-skywatching.html>.

N. deGrasse Tyson, A. Lang, 2012, Space Chronicles - Facing the Ultimate Frontier (New York: Norton & Co). See: <books.wwnorton.com/books/Space-Chronicles/>.
See also: <www.npr.org/2012/02/27/147351252/space-chronicles-why-exploring-space-still-matters>.

J.P. Sanchez, C.R. McInnes, 2012, Advances in Space Research, 49, 667, "Synergistic approach of asteroid exploitation and planetary protection." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AdSpR..49..667S>.

M. Todd, P. Tanga, D.M. Coward, M.G. Zadnik, 2012, Monthly Notices Royal Astronomical Society ( Letters), 420, L28, "An optimal Earth Trojan asteroid search strategy." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012MNRAS.420L..28T>.

Workshop on the Early Solar System Bombardment II, Houston (TX, USA), 1-3 February 2012. See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/bombardment2012/>.
Among the presentations:
- W.F. Bottke, D. Vokrouhlicky, D. Minton, et al., 2012, LPI Contribution No. 1649, p.6-7, "The Great Archean Bombardment." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012LPICo1649....6B>.
- S. Goderis, J. Belza, Ph. Claesy, 2012, LPI Contribution No. 1649, p.26-27, "The impact cratering record for clues on the rate of collisions and provenance." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012LPICo1649...26G>.
- B.C. Johnson, H.J. Melosh, 2012, LPI Contribution No. 1649, p.32-33, "New estimates for the number of large impacts throughout Earth's history." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012LPICo1649...32J>.
- C. Koeberl, 2012, LPI Contribution No. 1649, p.40, "Search for a geochemical record of the Late Heavy Bombardment on Earth." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012LPICo1649...40K>.
- S. Marchi, W.F. Botke, D.A. Kring, A. Morbidelli, 2012, LPI Contribution No. 1649, p.45-46, "Two populations of early lunar impactors as recorded in its ancient crater population." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012LPICo1649...45M>.
- A. Morbidelli, S. Marchi, W.F. Bottke, 2012, LPI Contribution No. 1649, p.53-54, "The sawtimeline of the first billon year of lunar bombardment." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012LPICo1649...53M>.
- N. Schmedemann, T. Kneissl, G. Michael, et al., 2012, LPI Contribution No. 1649, p.75-76, "Crater size-frequency distributions and chronologies of asteroids." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012LPICo1649...75S>.

BBC Four, 5 February 2012, 00:35, "Asteroids – the Good, the Bad and the Ugly." See: <www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00vv0w8>.

UN - Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UN-COPUOS) Scientific and Technical SubCommittee, 49^th session, in Vienna (Austria). WG NEO and Action Team 14 on NEOs did meet, chaired by Sergio Camacho (Mexico).
See: <www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/COPUOS/stsc/2012/index.html>, <www.oosa.unvienna.org/pdf/limited/c1/AC105_C1_L310E.pdf>, <www.oosa.unvienna.org/pdf/reports/ac105/AC105_1001E.pdf >.
Technical presentations:
- L. Johnson, 2012, "Near Earth Object Observation Program. Close approaches of 2011." See: <www.unoosa.org/pdf/pres/stsc2012/tech-35E.pdf>.
- J. Prado, 2012, "The case of Apophis." See: <www.unoosa.org/pdf/pres/stsc2012/tech-36E.pdf>.
- R.A. Williamson, 2012, "NEOs, the media, and risk communication. Report of a workshop." See: <www.unoosa.org/pdf/pres/stsc2012/tech-46E.pdf>.
See also: <www.space.com/14683-big-asteroid-2011-ag5-threat-earth.html>.

Asteroid 2012 DA14 (H = 24.1 mag, D ≈ 40 × 20 m), discovered by the Spanish Observatorio Astronomico de la Sagra, passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 6.78 LD. Minimum miss distance 6.78 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2012+DA14&orb=1>.
See also: 17 February 1918, 19 August 2004, 15 February 2013, 15 February 2046, 15 February 2087.

Asteroid 2012 DY13 (H = 28.0 mag, D ≈ 9 m) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.28 LD. Minimum miss distance 0.28 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2012+DY13+&orb=1>.
See also: 20 February 1922.

L. David, 2012, Space.com, 27 February 2012, "Big asteroid 2011 AG5 could pose threat to Earth in 2040." See: <www.space.com/14683-big-asteroid-2011-ag5-threat-earth.html>.
See also: <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/wise/newsfeatures.cfm?release=2012-051>, <www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.cfm?release=2012-051>, <www.jpl.nasa.gov/asteroidwatch/newsfeatures.cfm?release=2012-051>, <www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.cfm?release=2012-051>, <www.space.com/14782-asteroid-threat-earth-impact-2011ag5.html>, <blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/files/2012/03/schweikart_letter_NASA_AG5.pdf>, <www.space.com/14872-asteroid-2011-ag5-earth-impact.html>.

P.B. Babadzhanov, I.P. Williams, G.I. Kokhirova, 2012, Monthly Notices Royal Astronomical Society, 420, 2546, "Near-Earth object 2004 CK39 and its associated meteor showers." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012MNRAS.420.2546B>.

A.S. Betzler, E.P. Borges, 2011, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 539, 158, "Non-extensive distributions of rotation periods and diameters of asteroids." See <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012A%26A...539A.158B>.
The authors argue that the number of NEAs with D > 1 km is 994 ± 30.

M. Ćuk, 2012, Icarus, 218, 69, "Chronology and sources of lunar impact bombardment." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012Icar..218...69C>.

P.A. Bland, P. Spurný, A.W.R. Bevan, et al., 2012, Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 59, 177, "The Australian Desert Fireball Network: a new era for planetary science." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AuJES..59..177B>.
See also: <www3.imperial.ac.uk/desertfireballnetwork>.

J. Fang, J.-L. Margot, 2012, Astronomical Journal, 143, 59, "The role of Kozai cycles in near-Earth binary asteroids." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AJ....143...59F>.

M. Granvik, J. Vaubaillon, R. Jedicke, 2012, Icarus, 218, 262, "The population of natural Earth satellites." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012Icar..218..262G>.
See also: <www.ifa.hawaii.edu/info/press-releases/minimoons/>, <www.space.com/15151-earth-multiple-moons-asteroids.html>.

D. Jewitt, 2012, Astronomical Journal, 143, 66, "The active asteroids." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AJ....143...66J>.

Asteroid 2012 EZ1 (H = 28.8 mag, D ≈ 6 m) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.6 LD. Minimum miss distance 0.6 LD. See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2012+EZ1&orb=1>.

Oslo Meteorite. A piece of a meteorite crashed through the roof of a garden hut in the middle of Oslo (Norway). The rock weighing 585 grams, which split in two, probably detached from a meteorite observed over Norway on March 1. The meteorite was identified as a breccia, or a rock composed of broken fragments.
See: <www.newsinenglish.no/2012/03/12/meteorite-smashed-through-oslo-roof/>, <news.9msn.com.au/technology/8434050/meteorite-chunk-falls-on-oslo>, <www.space.com/14893-meteorite-crash-oslo-norway.html>.

Asteroid 2008 EJ85 (H = 25.0 mag, D ≈ 35 m) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 9.1 LD. Minimum miss distance 0.8 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2008+EJ85+&orb=1>.

J. Foust, 2012, SpaceRef, 7 March 2012, "Making the case for human missions to asteroids." See: <www.spaceref.com/news/viewnews.html?id=1620>.

G.S. Collins, 2012, Science, 335, 1176, "Moonstruck magnetism." See: <www.sciencemag.org/content/335/6073/1176.summary>.
See also: <www.space.com/14836-asteroid-collision-moon-magnetism.html>.

M.A. Wieczorek, B.P. Weiss, S.T. Stewart, 2012, Science, 335, 1212, "An impactor origin for lunar magnetic anomalies." See: <www.sciencemag.org/content/335/6073/1212>.
See also: <www.space.com/14836-asteroid-collision-moon-magnetism.html>.

E. Nakamura, A. Makishima, T. Moriguti, et al., 2012, Proc. National Academy of Sciences, 109(11), E624, "Space environment of an asteroid preserved on micrograins returned by the Hayabusa spacecraft." See: <www.pnas.org/content/109/11/E624.full.pdf+html?sid=e9c82620-acc1-4ac9-a373-aebd661fa82d>.
See also: <www.space.com/14691-asteroid-impacts-hayabusa-meteorite-samples.html>, <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012LPI....43.1375N>.

43^rd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, 19-23 March 2012, The Woodlands (TX, USA). See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2012/>.
Among the papers:
- P.A. Abell, B.W. Barbee, R.G. Mink, et al., 2012, LPI Contribution No. 1659, p.2842, "The Near-Earth Object Human Space Flight Accessible Targets Study (NHATS) list of Near-Earth Asteroids: identifying potential targets for future exploration." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012LPI....43.2842A>.
- M.A. Barucci, P. Michel, A. Cheng, et al., 2012, LPI Contribution No. 1659, p.1457, "MarcoPolo-R: Near Earth Asteroid sample return mission selected for ESA assessment study phase." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012LPI....43.1457B>.
- A. Bazso, 2012, LPI Contribution No. 1659, p.1809, "Lunar effects on close encounters of Near Earth Asteroids" See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012LPI....43.1809B>.
- E.B. Bierhaus, L. Dones, 2012, LPI Contribution No. 1659, p.2451, "Cratering by impact ejecta, from Mercury to the asteroids." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012LPI....43.2451B>.
- R.P. Binzel, D. Polishook, F.E. DeMeo, et al., 2012, LPI Contribution No. 1659, p.2222, "Marco Polo-R target asteroid (175706) 1996 FG3: possible evidence for an annual thermal wave." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012LPI....43.2222B>.
- M. Bruck Syal, P.H. Schultz, D.S.P. Dearborn, R.A. Managan, 2012, LPI Contribution No. 1659, p.2480, "Porosity controls on asteroid defense strategies." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012LPI....43.2480B>.
- T.L. Dunn, T.H. Burbine, 2012, LPI Contribution No. 1659, p.2305, "Mineralogies of Near Earth Asteroids." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012LPI....43.2305D>.
- C.W. Hergenrother, D.J. Scheeres, M. Nolan, et al., 2012, LPI Contribution No. 1659, p.2219, "Lightcurve and phase function photometry of the OSIRIS-REx target (101955) 1999 RQ36." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012LPI....43.2219H>.
- K.R. Housen, K.A. Holsapple, 2012, LPI Contribution No. 1659, p.2539, "Deflecting asteroids by impacts: what is Beta?." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012LPI....43.2539H>.
- D.S. Lauretta, OSIRIS-REx Team, 2012, LPI Contribution No. 1659, p.2491, "An overview of the OSIRIS-REx asteroid sample return mission." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012LPI....43.2491L>.
- L.F. Lim, J.P. Emery, N.A. Moskovitz, M. Granvik, 2012, LPI Contribution No. 1659, id.2202, "The near-Earth encounter of 2005 YU55: thermal infrared observations from Gemini North." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012LPI....43.2202L>.
- J.F. McCarthy, 2012, LPI Contribution No. 1659, p.1016, "A low cost approach to close-up examination of multiple Near Earth Asteroids." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012LPI....43.1016M>.
- N.A. Moskovitz, B. Yang, L.F. Lim, et al., 2012, LPI Contribution No. 1659, p.2080, "The near-Earth encounter of asteroid 2005 YU55: visible and near-infrared spectroscopy." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012LPI....43.2080M>.
- A.S. Rivkin, E.S. Howell, F.E. DeMeo, et al., 2012, LPI Contribution No. 1659, p.1537, "New observations and proposed meteorite analogs of the MarcoPolo-R target asteroid (175706) 1996 FG3." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012LPI....43.1537R>.
- I.M. Tielieusova, D.F. Lupishko, 2012, LPI Contribution No. 1659, p.1491, "The YORP-effect and axis rotation of Near-Earth Asteroids." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012LPI....43.1491T>.

Website tool made available by the NASA/JPL Near-Earth Object Program Office, for identifying mission-accessible Near-Earth Asteroids and their next observing opportunities: the NASA Near-Earth Object Human Space Flight Accessible Targets Study (NHATS). See: <neo.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nhats.html>.

Asteroid 2012 FP35 (H = 27.9 mag, D ≈ 9 m) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.4 LD. Minimum miss distance 0.4 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2012+FP35+&orb=1>.
See also: <www.space.com/15043-small-asteroids-earth-close-shave.html>.

3^rd MarcoPolo-R symposium Scientific objectives of MarcoPolo-R near-Earth asteroid sample return mission, Manchester (UK), 26 March 2012. See: <www.oca.eu/MarcoPolo-R/Workshops/WorkshopsMarcoPolo-R.html>.

Asteroid 2012 FS35 (H = 30.3 mag, D ≈ 3 m) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.168 LD (= 10.1 R_Earth from the geocenter). Minimum miss distance 0.167 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2012+FS35+&orb=1>.
See also: <www.space.com/15043-small-asteroids-earth-close-shave.html>, and 25 March 2072.

I. Israde-Alcántara, J.L. Bischoff, G. Domínguez-Vázquez, et al., 2012, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(13), 4723, "Evidence from central Mexico supporting the Younger Dryas extraterrestrial impact hypothesis." See: <www.pnas.org/content/109/13/E738.full.pdf+html?sid=aaa1f113-bd1c-44fa-8d8b-8a2fd5ab33e8>.
See also: <www.space.com/14793-comet-earth-impact-younger-dryas.html>.

First light of first telescope of the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope (LCOGT) network, Goleta (CA, USA). Eventually, the LCOGT network will deploy two or three identical 1-metre telescopes, each costing about US$1 million, at observatories in Hawaii, Chile, South Africa, Australia and the Canary Islands. LCOGT also has two 2-metre robotic Faulkes telescopes in Australia and Hawaii. See: <lcogt.net/>.
See also: <www.nature.com/news/global-observatory-sees-first-light-1.10384>,  <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012DPS....4421516L>.

M.A. Barucci, A.F. Cheng, P. Michel, et al. 2011, Experimental Astronomy, 33, 645, "MarcoPolo-R near earth asteroid sample return mission." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ExA....33..645B>.

G. Cremonese, P. Borin, E. Martellato, et al., 2012, Astrophysical Journal (Letters), 749, L40, "New calibration of the micrometeoroid flux on Earth." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ApJ...749L..40C>.

T.M. Eneev, R.Z. Akhmetshin, G.B. Efimov, 2012, Cosmic Research, 50, 93, "On the asteroid hazard." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012CosRe..50...93E>.

S. Greenstreet, B. Gladman, H. Ngo, et al., 2012, Astrophysical Journal (Letters), 749, L39, "Production of Near-Earth Asteroids on retrograde orbits." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ApJ...749L..39G>.

A.W. Harris, G.B. Valsecchi, D. Morrison, 2012, in: I.F. Corbet (ed.), Reports on Astronomy 2009-2012, IAU Transactions XXVIIIA (Cambridge: CUP), p.141, "Working Group: Near-Earth Objects."

S.V. Karashevic, A.V. Devyatkin, I.A. Vereshchagina, et al., 2012, Solar System Research, 46, 130, "Astrometric and photometric studies of the 2009 WZ104 [PHA] asteroid as it approached the Earth."
See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012SoSyR..46..130K>.

V.A. Shor, Yu. A. Chernetenko, O.M. Kochetova, N.B. Zheleznov, 2012, Solar System Research, 46, 119, "On the impact of the Yarkovsky effect on Apophis' orbit." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012SoSyR..46..119S>.

K.J. Walsh, M. Delbò, M. Mueller, R.P. Binzel, F.E. DeMeo, 2012, Astrophysical Journal, 748, 104, "Physical characterization and origin of binary Near-Earth Asteroid (175706) 1996 FG3." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ApJ...748..104W>.

S. Marchi, W.F. Bottke, D.A. King, A. Morbidelli, 2012, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 325-326, 27, "The onset of the lunar cataclysm as recorded in its ancient crater populations."
See: <www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X12000374>.
See also: <lunarscience.nasa.gov/articles/nlsi-scientists-shed-light-moons-impact-history/>.

Asteroid 2012 EG5 (H = 24.3 mag, D ≈ 50 m) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.6 LD. Minimum miss distance 0.6 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2012+EG5+&orb=1>.
Ref:
- M. Hicks, S. Teague, C. Strojia, 2012, The Astronomer's Telegram, #4016, "Optical photometry of 2012 EG5: constraints on taxonomy and spin rate." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ATel.4016....1H>.
See also: <www.space.com/15121-april-fools-day-asteroid-earth-flyby.html>.

The Chinese spacecraft Chang'e-2 departed from L2 and began a mission to asteroid 4179 Toutatis (1989 AC, H = 15.3 mag, D = 4.6×2.4×1.9 km, NEA, PHA). Chang'e 2 was launched on 1 October 2010 for a lunar survey. On 8 June 2011, Chang'e-2 completed its extended mission, and left lunar orbit for the L2 Lagrangian point, to test the Chinese tracking and control network. The spacecraft is expected to make a flyby of Near-Earth Asteroid 4179 Toutatis on 13 December 2012.
See: <en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang'e_2>.
Ref:
- R. Stone, 2012, Science, 29 July 2012, "A new dawn for China's space scientists." See: <www.sciencemag.org/content/336/6089/1630.summary?sid=87f26ee0-0564-40b0-9367-95573a612cfd>.

Asteroid 2012 HG2 (H = 27.0 mag, D ≈ 15 m) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 1.2 LD. Minimum miss distance 1.2 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2012+HG2+&orb=1>.
See also: 13 February 2047.

Asteroid 2012 HM13 (H = 28.0 mag, D ≈ 9 m) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.7 LD. Minimum miss distance 0.7 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2012+HM13+&orb=1>.

California/Nevada Fireball and Airburst, Sutter's Mill Meteorite. A bright ball of light traveling east to west was seen over the skies of central/northern California (USA) on April 22. Estimates of the object give it the size of a minivan, with a weight of ~70 metric tons and at the time of disintegration releasing an energy equivalent to a 5-kiloton explosion. See: <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2012-114>.
See also: <www.space.com/15654-meteorite-hunt-california-fireball.html>, <www.space.com/15666-meteorite-fragments-searched-sierra-nevada-mountains-video.html>, <http://www.rgj.com/article/20120423/NEWS/304230032/Scientist-says-sound-signal-from-exploding-meteor-lasted-18-minutes?nclick_check=1>, <science.kqed.org/quest/2012/12/20/stardust-and-sunbreath-in-the-sutters-mill-meteorite/>, <en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_meteor_air_bursts>.
Ref:
- P. Jenniskens, B. Girten, D. Sears, et al., 2012, Meteoritics and Planetary Science Supplement, 75, 5376, "Recovery of the Sutter's Mill Meteorite." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012M%26PSA..75.5376J>.
- E. Underwood, Dec. 2012, Science, 338, 1521, "Sutter's Mill Meteorite produces mother lode of research." See: <www.sciencemag.org/content/338/6114/1521>.
- P. Jenniskens, M.D. Fries, Qing-Zhu Yin, et al., (the Sutter's Mill Meteorite Consortium), Dec. 2012, Science, 338, 1583, "Radar-enabled recovery of the Sutter's Mill Meteorite, a carbonaceous chondrite regolith breccia." See: <www.sciencemag.org/content/338/6114/1583.abstract>.

Planetary Resources Inc. A new company called Planetary Resources, Inc. announced its formation and goals on April 24, 2012 at the Museum of Flight in Seattle (WA, USA).  Press reports indicate that backers of the company including movie director and explorer James Cameron; Google executives Larry Page and Eric Schmidt; space entrepreneurs Eric Anderson and Peter Diamandis; and former Microsoft executive Charles Simonyi.  The company reportedly plans to mine asteroids.
See: <www.museumofflight.org/press/space-exploration-company-make-major-announcement-museum-april-24-expand-earths-resource-bas-0>, <www.planetaryresources.com/>, <www.planetaryresources.in/>, <www.youtube.com/watch?v=s15PeKzmcU4&list=PL96FC1A30D88E0638&feature=plpp_play_all>, <www.youtube.com/watch?v=t0c9oZh4vTo>, <www.space.com/15405-asteroid-mining-feasibility-study.html>, <www.space.com/15419-asteroid-mining-billionaires-private-spaceflight.html>, <http://www.spacepolicyonline.com/news/planetary-resources-announces-crowdsourcing-campaign>, <edition.cnn.com/2012/04/25/showbiz/celebrity-news-gossip/james-cameron-king-of-the-world/>, <www.thespacereview.com/article/2074/1>, <www.theage.com.au/technology/sci-tech/australia-to-miss-out-as-billionaires-shoot-for-the-stars-20120501-1xvyf.html>, <http://news.thomasnet.com/imt/2012/05/09/celebrity-billionaires-plan-to-mine-asteroids-for-profit-and-prestige>, <www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2137806/Legal-expert-says-James-Camerons-multi-billion-space-mining-venture-hit-lawsuits.html>, <www.nature.com/news/space-miners-seek-riches-in-nearby-asteroids-1.10513>, <www.nature.com/news/let-s-mine-asteroids-for-science-and-profit-1.10733>, <www.planetaryresources.com/?utm_expid=58982100-0>, <www.space.com/16273-extraterrestrial-mining-asteroids-moon.html>, <www.lpi.usra.edu/sbag/meetings/jul2012/presentations/TUES_1615_Lewicki%20PRI.pdf>, <www.denverpost.com/business/ci_21258980/asteroid-mining-venture-planetary-resources-adds-billionaire-investors>, <www.businessweek.com/news/2012-08-06/google-backed-asteroid-mining-venture-adds-billionaire-investors>, <www.space.com/19373-planetary-resources-unveils-asteroid-hunting-arkyd-telescope-video.html>, <http://www.skyandtelescope.com/astronomy-news/asteroid-mining-forfunandprofit/>, <www.space.com/20817-asteroid-mining-satellite-test-flight.html>, <www.space.com/21724-asteroid-mining-actor-rainn-wilson.html>, <www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/planetary-resources-calls-on-citizens-of-earth-to-aid-in-planetary-defense-213357051.html>, <en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_Resources>.

H. Thompson, 2012, Nature, 484, 429, "Ancient asteroids kept on coming. Two-billion-year barrage hit Earth when life was beginning." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012Natur.484..429T>.

P. Bodas, 2012, in: American Astronomical Society, DDA meeting #43, #7.10, "Keyholes and Jabbas: the role of pre-impact close approaches in asteroid deflection." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012DDA....43.0710C>.

R. Dvorak, C. Lhotka, L. Zhou, 2012, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 541, 127, "The orbit of 2010 TK7: possible regions of stability for other Earth Trojan asteroids." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012A%26A...541A.127D>.

D. Farnocchia, F. Bernardi, G.B. Valsecchi, 2012, Icarus, 219, 41, "Efficiency of a wide-area survey in achieving short- and long-term warning for small impactors." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012Icar..219...41F>.

T. Goldin, 2012, Nature Geoscience, 5, 309, "Earth's ancient catastrophes." See: <www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v5/n5/full/ngeo1467.html>.

M. Micheli, D.J. Tholen, G.T. Elliott, 2012, New Astronomy, 17, 446, "Detection of radiation pressure acting on 2009 BD." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012NewA...17..446M>.

S.P. Naidu, J.L. Margot, M.W. Busch, et al., 2012, American Astronomical Society, DDA meeting #43, #7.07, "Dynamics of binary Near-Earth Asteroid system (35107) 1991 VH." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012DDA....43.0707N>.

S.A. Naroenkov, B.M. Shustov, 2012, Cosmic Research, 50(3), 221, "Distribution of velocities of potentially hazardous objects." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012CosRe..50..221N>.

C. Nugent, J.L. Margot, S.R. Chesley, et al., 2012, American Astronomical Society, DDA meeting #43, #7.03, "Detection of semi-major axis drifts in 55 Near-Earth Asteroids." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012DDA....43.0703N>.

V. Reddy, M.J. Gaffey, P.A. Abell, et al., 2012, Icarus, 219, 382, "Constraining albedo, diameter and composition of near-Earth asteroids via near-infrared spectroscopy." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012Icar..219..382R>.

R. Rudawska, J. Vaubaillon, P. Atreya, 2012, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 541, 2, "Association of individual meteors with their parent bodies." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012A%26A...541A...2R>.

D. Vokrouhlický, D. Nesvorný, 2012, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 541, 109, "Sun-grazing orbit of the unusual near-Earth object 2004 LG." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012A%26A...541A.109V>.

S.L. Brusatte, R.J. Butler, A. Prieto-Márquez, M.A. Norell, 2012, Nature Communications, 3, no. 804, "Dinosaur morphological diversity and the end-Cretaceous extinction." See: <www.nature.com/ncomms/journal/v3/n5/full/ncomms1815.html >.

W.F. Bottke, D. Vokrouhlický, D. Minton, 2012, Nature, 485, 78, "An Archaean heavy bombardment from a destabilized extension of the asteroid belt." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012Natur.485...78B>.

F.T. Kyte, 2012, Nature, 485, 44, "Solar System: focus on ancient bombardment." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012Natur.485...44K>.

B.C. Johnson, H.J. Melosh, 2012, Nature, 485, 75, "Impact spherules as a record of an ancient heavy bombardment of Earth." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012Natur.485...75J>.

C.T. Russell, C.A. Raymond, A. Coradini, et al., 2012, Science, 336, 684, "Dawn at Vesta: testing the protoplanetary paradigm." See: <www.sciencemag.org/content/336/6082/684>.

Asteroid 2012 JU (H = 28.3 mag, D ≈ 8 m) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.5 LD. Minimum miss distance 0.5 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2012+JU&orb=1>.
See also: <www.space.com/15676-asteroid-earth-close-flyby-2012ju.html>.

S.J. Robbins, B.M. Hynek, 2012, Journal of Geophysical Research, 117, E5, "A new global database of Mars impact craters ≥1 km: 1. Database creation, properties, and parameters." See: <www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2012/2011JE003966.shtml>.
See also: <www.space.com/16153-mars-impact-crater-map.html>.

International conference on Asteroids, Comets, Meteors, XI, Niigata (Japan), 16-20 May 2012. See: <chiron.mtk.nao.ac.jp/ACM2012/>.
Among the papers:
- D. Bancelin, D. Hestroffer, W. Thuillot, 2012, "Near Earth Asteroid astrometry and orbit propagation" [#6238]. See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/acm2012/pdf/6238.pdf>.
- L.A.M. Benner, 2012, "Radar reconnaissance of Near-Earth Asteroids" [#6402]. See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/acm2012/pdf/6402.pdf>.
- L.A.M. Benner, M. Brozovic, J.D. Giorgini, 2012, "Arecibo and Goldstone radar observations of binary Near-Earth Asteroid and Marco Polo-R mission target (175706) 1996 FG3" [#6403]. See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/acm2012/pdf/6403.pdf>.
- R.P. Binzel, F.E. DeMeo, M. Lockhart, et al., 2012, "Compositional distribution of the Near-Earth Object population" [#6433]. See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/acm2012/pdf/6433.pdf >.
- B. Bolin, R. Jedicke, M. Granvik, R. Wainscoat, 2012, "Detecting Earth’s moons" [#6359]. See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/acm2012/pdf/6359.pdf>.
- J. Borovička, A. Igaz, P. Spurný, J. Tóth, 2012, Analysis of atmospheric fragmentation during the Košice Meteorite Fall and the inferred meteoroid strength" [#6067]. See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/acm2012/pdf/6067.pdf>.
- M. Brozovic, L.A.M. Benner, M.C. Nolan, S.J. Ostro, et al., 2012, "Shape modeling of Near-Earth Asteroid (53319) 1999 JM8 from Goldstone and Arecibo radar images" [#6183]. See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/acm2012/pdf/6183.pdf>.
- M.W. Busch, L.A.M. Benner, M. Brozovic, et al., 2012, "Shape and spin of Near-Earth Asteroid 308635 (2005 YU55) from radar images and speckle tracking" [#6179]. See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/acm2012/pdf/6179.pdf>.
- C.R. Chapman, 2012, "Threatened impact of 2011 AG5: a potential deflection campaign should be analyzed now" [#6465]. See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/acm2012/pdf/6465.pdf>.
- H. Chennaoui Aoudjehane, N. Larouci, D., Baratoux, 2012, "Meteors and meteorite recovery in Morocco" [#6254]. See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/acm2012/pdf/6254.pdf>.
- S.R. Chesley, M.C. Nolan, D. Farnocchia, et al., 2012, "The trajectory dynamics of Near-Earth Asteroid 101955 (1999 RQ36) [#6470]." See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/acm2012/pdf/6470.pdf>, <www.jpl.nasa.gov/asteroidwatch/newsfeatures.cfm?release=2012-145>, <uanews.org/node/47370>, <www.space.com/15959-sunlight-pushes-earth-threatening-asteroids.html>.
-  P.W. Chodas, 2012, "Keyholes and Jabbas: the role of pre-impact close approaches in asteroid deflection" [#6471]. See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/acm2012/pdf/6471.pdf>.
- G. Drolshagen, E. Bassano, F. Bernardi, et al., 2012, "Precursor services for a Near-Earth Object segment of ESA’s Space Situational Awareness Programme" [#6229]. See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/acm2012/pdf/6229.pdf>.
- J.P. Emery, L.F. Lim, N.A. Moskovitz, 2012, "The near-Earth encounter of 2005 YU55: thermal inertia and inferred surface properties" [#6453]. See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/acm2012/pdf/6453.pdf>.
- C. I. Fuentes, M.M. Knight, D.E. Trilling, 2012, "The STEREO search for IEOs." [#6472]. See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/acm2012/pdf/6472.pdf>.
- C.W. Hergenrother, T. Kwiatkowski, A. Kryszczyńska, et al., 2012, "New results on rotation of very small Near-Earth Asteroids." [#6484]. See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012LPICo1667.6484H>.
- A.R. Hildebrand, B. Gladman, E.F. Tedesco, et al., 2012, "A space-based, near-Sun survey to discover Atira and Aten orbital class Near-Earth Objects." [#6463]. See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/acm2012/pdf/6463.pdf>.
- K.A. Holsapple, K.R. Housen, 2012, "Studies of impacts: experimental and numerical simulations of cratering, disruptions and asteroid deflections." [#6367]. See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/acm2012/pdf/6367.pdf>.
- P. Jenniskens, M.H. Shaddad, Almahata Sitta Consortium, 2012, "Asteroid 2008 TC3: a review and a look forward" [#6211]. See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/acm2012/pdf/6211.pdf >.
- D. Lazzaro, T. Rodrigues, J.M. Carvano, et al., IMPACTON team, 2012, "The IMPACTON project: a new facility for NEOs studies in Brazil" [#6148]. See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/acm2012/pdf/6148.pdf>.
- L.F. Lim, J.P. Emery, N.A. Moskovitz, M. Granvik M., 2012, "The Near-Earth encounter of 2005 YU55: thermal infrared observations from Gemini North" [#6295]. See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/acm2012/pdf/6295.pdf>.
- D.F. Lupishko, I.M. Tielieusova, 2012, "Influence of the YORP-effect on axis rotation of Near-Earth Asteroids" [#6101]. See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/acm2012/pdf/6101.pdf>.
- W.J. Merline, J.D. Drummond, P.M. Tamblyn, et al., 2012, "Keck adaptive-optics imaging of Near-Earth Asteroid 2005_YU55 during its 2011 close flyby" [#6372]. See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/acm2012/pdf/6372.pdf>.
- T. Miyata, T.G. Mueller, S. Hasegawa, et al., 2012, "Thermal infrared observations of an asteroid 2005 YU55 during the closest approach" [#6260]. See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/acm2012/pdf/6260.pdf>.
- I.E. Molotov, V.M. Agapov, Yu. N. Krugly, L.V. Elenin, 2012, "ASPIN - asteroid research project of the ISON optical network" [#6408]. See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/acm2012/pdf/6408.pdf>.
- H.K. Moon, Y.J. Choi Y. J., M.  Ishiguro, 2012, "Round-the-clock survey of Small Solar System Bodies in the Southern Sky" [#6481]. See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/acm2012/pdf/6481.pdf>.
- N.A. Moskovitz, B. Yang, L.F. Lim, et al. 2012, "The Near-Earth encounter of 2005 YU55: time-resolved visible and near-infrared spectroscopy" [#6382]. See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/acm2012/pdf/6382.pdf>.
- S. Okumura, N. Takahashi, S. Nakano, et al., 2012, Spaceguard activity in Japan: past and future in Bisei Spaceguard Center" [#6274]. See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/acm2012/pdf/6274.pdf>.
- P. Spurny, P.A. Bland, J. Borovicka, et al., 2012, "The Mason Gully Meteorite Fall in SW Australia: fireball trajectory, luminosity, dynamics, orbit and impact position from photographic records." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012LPICo1667.6369S>.
- P. Spurny, J. Haloda, J. Borovicka, 2012, "Mystery of the Benesov Bolide revealed after 20 years" [#6143]. See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/acm2012/pdf/6143.pdf>.
- H. Svedhem, D. Koschny, 2012, "Searching for interior to Earth orbit asteroids (IEO’s) by using spacecraft star trackers" [#6371]. See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/acm2012/pdf/6371.pdf>.
- P.A. Taylor, E.S. Howell, M.C. Nolan, A.A. Thane, 2012, "The shape and spin distributions of Near-Earth Asteroids observed with the Arecibo radar system" [#6340]. See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/acm2012/pdf/6340.pdf>.
- J. Toth, J. Borovička, A. Igaz, et al., 2012, " The Košice Meteorite — recovery and analyses" [#6325]. See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/acm2012/pdf/6325.pdf>.
- D.E. Trilling, J.L. Hora, M. Mueller, et al., 2012, "ExploreNEOs: the Warm Spitzer Near Earth Object Survey" [#6485]. See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/acm2012/pdf/6485.pdf>.
- R.J. Wainscoat, R. Jedicke, L. Denneau, P. Veres, 2012, "The Pan-STARRS1 search for Near Earth Asteroids" [#6341]. See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/acm2012/pdf/6341.pdf>.
- B.D. Warner, R.D. Stephens, J.W. Brinsfield, et al., 2012, "CCD photometric observations of 2005 YU55 during the 2011 November flyby" [#6013]. See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/acm2012/pdf/6013.pdf>.
- D.K. Yeomans, B.W. Barbee, N. Melamed, 2012, et al., "New on-line tools for the human exploration and threat mitigation of Near-Earth Asteroids" [#6178]. See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/acm2012/pdf/6178.pdf>.
Summary:
- E.A. Smirnov, I.I. Shevchenko, April 2013, Solar System Research, 47, 141, "International forum "Asteroids, Comets, Meteors 2012"." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013SoSyR..47..141S>.

Asteroid 2012 KA (H = 28.6 mag, D ≈ 7 m) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.6 LD. Minimum miss distance 0.6  LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2012+KA+&orb=1>.

Asteroid 2012 KK37 (H = 25.7 mag, D ≈ 25 m) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 2.3 LD. Minimum miss distance 0.2 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2012+KK37+&orb=1>.

A. Pitz, B. Kaplinger, G. Vardaxis, et al., 2012, in: 2012 AIAA/AAS Global Space Exploration Conference, 22-24 May 2012, Washington (DC, USA), GLEX-2012.06.3.2x12173, "Conceptual design of a Hypervelocity Asteroid Intercept Vehicle (HAIV) and its flight validation mission." See: <www.adrc.iastate.edu/files/2012/06/GLEX2012Paper.pdf>.

International Space Development Conference, Washington, D.C. (USA), 24-28 May 2012. See: <isdc.nss.org/2012/>.
Among the papers:
- A. Globus, C. Cassell, S. Covey, et al., 2012, "Don’t send the astronauts to the asteroid. Bring the asteroid to the astronauts. A radical proposal for the planned 2025 asteroid visit" See: <space.alglobus.net/presentations/DraftAsteroidMiningTalk2012.pdf>.

Asteroid 2012 KP24 (H = 26.4 mag, D ≈ 20 m) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.149 LD (= 9.0 R_Earth from the geocenter). Minimum miss distance 0.149 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2012+KP24+&orb=1>.
See also: <www.space.com/15891-85-foot-asteroid-zooms-earth-memorial-day-orbit-diagram-video.html>, <www.space.com/15895-double-asteroid-earth-flyby.html>,
See also: <blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2012/05/25/small-asteroid-to-buzz-earth-on-may-28/>.
See also: 30 May 1939.

AIDA study. The Asteroid Impact & Deflection Assessment (AIDA) mission is a joint study effort of ESA, JHU/APL, NASA, OCA and DLR. The mission design foresees two independent spacecraft, one impactor (DART) and one rendezvous probe (AIM). As in the separate DART and AIM studies, the target of this mission is the binary NEA system 65803 Didymos (1996 GT, H = 18.0 mag, D = 900 m, PHA). Foreseen launch: 2019. Rendez-vous: 2022.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=Didymos&orb=1>, <www.esa.int/esaMI/NEO/SEMH9CTWT1H_0.html>, <www.esa.int/esaMI/NEO/SEMAWBTWT1H_0.html><www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Technology/NEO/Asteroid_deflection_mission_seeks_smashing_ideas>, <ow.ly/h3BU0>.
Ref:
- A. Galvez, I. Carnelli, M. Fontaine, C. Corral Van Damme, 2012, European Planetary Science Congress September 2012, EPSC Abstracts, Vol. 7 EPSC2012-807, "Asteroid impact mission (AIM) & deflection assessment: an opportunity to understand impact dynamics and modelling." See: <meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EPSC2012/EPSC2012-807.pdf>.
- A.F. Cheng, P. Michel, C. Reed, et al., 2012, European Planetary Science Congress September 2012, EPSC Abstracts, Vol. 7 EPSC2012-935-1, "DART: Double Asteroid Redirection Test." See: <meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EPSC2012/EPSC2012-935-1.pdf >.
- A.F. Cheng, A. Rivkin, A. Galvez, et al., October 2012, American Astronomical Society, DPS meeting #44, #215.03, "AIDA: Asteroid Impact & Deflection Assessment." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012DPS....4421503C>.
See also: <www.space.com/19303-asteroid-deflection-europe-spacecraft.html>, <www.space.com/20341-asteroid-collision-aida-spacecraft-2022.html>.

NASA Workshop on Potentially Hazardous Asteroid 2011 AG5, NASA GSFC, Greenbelt (MD, USA), 29 May 2012. See: <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2012-178>, <neo.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news175.html>, <neo.jpl.nasa.gov/neo/2011_AG5_Deflection_Study_report_13.pdf>,
<neo.jpl.nasa.gov/neo/2011_AG5_exec_summary.pdf>,<neo.jpl.nasa.gov/neo/2011_AG5_workshop_sum.pdf>, <neo.jpl.nasa.gov/neo/2011_AG5_LN_intro_wksp.pdf>.
See also:
<www.space.com/16169-earth-safe-asteroid-2011ag5-flyby.html>.

Asteroid 2012 KT42 (H = 28.8 mag, D ≈ 6 m) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.054 LD (= 3.27 R_Earth from the geocenter). Minimum miss distance 0.054 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2012+KT42+&orb=1>.
See also: <www.space.com/15895-double-asteroid-earth-flyby.html>, <www.slashgear.com/recently-discovered-asteroid-passes-very-near-earth-29230628/>, <www.nature.com/news/astronomers-catch-video-of-near-miss-asteroid-1.10873>, <www.space.com/16347-close-asteroid-flyby-2012-kt42.html>.
See also: 3 December 1915, 4 December 1954.

A.C.M. Correia, J. Laskar, 2012, Astrophysical Journal (Letters), 751, L43, "Impact cratering on Mercury: consequences for the spin evolution." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ApJ...751L..43C>.

O. Golubov, Y.N. Krugly, 2012, Astrophysical Journal (Letters), 752, L11, "Tangential component of the YORP effect." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ApJ...752L..11G>.

S.D.J. Gwyn, N. Hill, J.J. Kavelaars, 2012, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 124, 579, "SSOS: a moving-object image search tool for asteroid precovery." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012PASP..124..579G>.

A. Mainzer, T. Grav, J. Masiero, et al., 2012, Astrophysical Journal, 752, 110, "Characterizing subpopulations within the Near Earth Objects with NEOWISE: preliminary results." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ApJ...752..110M>.
See also: <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/wise/newsfeatures.cfm?release=2012-138>, <www.space.com/15734-dangerous-asteroid-census-nasa-telescope.html>, <blogs.nature.com/news/2012/05/tally-of-potentially-hazardous-asteroids-doubles.html>.

B. Rozitis, S.F. Green, 2012, Monthly Notices Royal Astronomical Society, 423, 367, "The influence of rough surface thermal-infrared beaming on the Yarkovsky and YORP effects." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012MNRAS.423..367R>.

A. Spitz, 2012, ASP The Universe in the Classroom, No .80, "From vermin to destination: a mission to an asteroid." See: <www.astrosociety.org/education/publications/tnl/80/uitc80.pdf>.

S.J. Robbins, B.M. Hynek, 2012, Journal of Geophysical Research, 117, E6, "A new global database of Mars impact craters ≥1 km: 2. Global crater properties and regional variations of the simple-to-complex transition diameter." See: <www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2012/2011JE003967.shtml>.
See also: <www.space.com/16153-mars-impact-crater-map.html>.

UN - Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UN-COPUOS, 55^th session) and Action Team 14 on NEOs, chaired by Sergio Camacho (Mexico), did meet in Vienna (Austria). See: <www.oosa.unvienna.org/oosa/en/COPUOS/index.html>, <www.oosa.unvienna.org/pdf/gadocs/A_67_20E.pdf>.

Asteroid 2012 LZ1 (H = 19.8 mag, D ≈ 1000 m, PHA) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 14.2 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2012+LZ1+&orb=1>.
Ref:
- M. Hicks, W. Smythe, T. Davtyan, et al., 2012, The Astronomer's Telegram, #4252, "Broadband photometry of 2012 LZ1: a large, dark Potentially Hazardous Asteroid." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ATel.4252....1H>.
See also: <www.space.com/16131-huge-asteroid-flyby-2012-lz1-webcast.html>,
<www.space.com/16154-asteroid-2012-lz1-earth-flyby.html>,
<www.usra.edu/news/pr/2012/asteroid_LZ1/?tw_p=twt>, <www.space.com/16263-asteroid-2012lz1-size-earth-flyby.html>.

K.H. Joy, M. Zolensky, K. Nagashima, et al., 2012, Science, 336, 1426, "Direct detection of projectile relics from the end of the Lunar Basin–forming epoch." See: <www.sciencemag.org/content/336/6087/1426.full.pdf?sid=7570bfbd-4f10-49c3-99d9-311eb8035157>.
See also: <www.space.com/15732-asteroid-impacts-moon-lunar-cataclysm.html>.

Asteroid 2012 MF7 (H = 26.8 mag, D ≈ 15 m) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.8 LD. Minimum miss distance 0.8 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2012+MF7&orb=1>.

Asteroid 1999 XL136 (H = 19.3 mag, D ≈ 500 m, PHA) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 4.5 LD. Minimum miss distance 4.5 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=1999+XL136&orb=1>.

Sentinel Space Telescope Mission. The B612 Foundation announced plans to build, launch and operate the Sentinel Space Telescope Mission during a press conference at the Morrison Planetarium at the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco (CA, USA).
From the press release: "Sentinel is a space-based infrared (IR) survey mission to discover and catalog 90 percent of the asteroids larger than 140 meters in Earth’s region of the solar system. The mission should also discover a significant number of smaller asteroids down to a diameter of 30 meters. Sentinel will be launched into a Venus-like orbit about the sun which significantly improves the efficiency of asteroid discovery during its 5.5 year mission. The spacecraft and instrument use high-heritage flight proven deep space systems, originally developed by NASA, to minimize technical and programmatic risks. These heritage missions include large space based telescopes (Spitzer, Kepler), a large format camera made up of many individual detectors (Kepler), and a cryogenically cooled instrument (Spitzer). By detecting and tracking nearly all of the Near Earth Objects greater than 50 meters in diameter, Sentinel will create a map of the solar system in Earth’s neighborhood enabling future robotic and manned exploration. The Sentinel data will also identify objects that are potentially hazardous to humans to provide an early warning to protect the Earth from impact."
Foreseen launch: 2018.
Ref:
- R. Schweickart, 15 February 2013, The Guardian, "Meteor and asteroid events give new focus for our vital Sentinel telescope."
See: <www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2013/feb/15/meteor-strike-asteroid-pass-sentinel-telescope>.
- E.T. Lu, H. Reitsema, J. Troeltzsch, S. Hubbard, March 2013, New Space, 1, 42, "The B612 Foundation Sentinel Space Telescope." See: <online.liebertpub.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1089/space.2013.1500>.
See: <b612foundation.org/b612/>, <b612foundation.org/media/sentinelmission/>, <b612foundation.org/downloads/pressRelease_6_28.zip>, <b612web.ex3host.com/downloads/FactSheet.zip>, <b612web.ex3host.com/downloads/PRESSKIT.zip>, <us5.campaign-archive2.com/?u=bf912fc28576855153d8f5e1c&id=15db3ea5e1>, <www.lpi.usra.edu/sbag/meetings/jul2012/presentations/TUES_1545_Buie_B612>, <b612foundation.org/tedxmarinedsept2012/>.
See also:
23 January 2010,
<www.space.com/16214-deep-space-asteroid-telescope-announcement.html>, <www.space.com/16337-asteroid-telescope-deep-space-announcement.html>, <www.space.com/16338-sentinel-private-telescope-asteroids.html>, <blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2012/06/28/privately-and-publicly-looking-for-earth-threatening-asteroids/>, <bit.ly/Ny0FnX>, <www.space.com/16345-private-foundation-gets-into-hunting-asteroids-business-video.html>, <news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/06/120628-first-private-asteroid-mission-sentinel-b612-nasa-space-science/>, <www.nature.com/news/private-foundation-plans-space-telescope-1.10918>, <www.thespacereview.com/article/2111/1>, <www.space.com/16501-private-space-telescope-asteroid-mining.html>, <www.universetoday.com/96727/schweickart-private-asteroid-mission-is-for-the-benefit-of-humanity/>, <www.space.com/18020-private-asteorid-hunting-telescope-sentinel.html>, <www.space.com/20636-private-asteroid-space-telescope-b612.html>, <dotearth.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/02/20/can-humans-do-better-than-dinosaurs-when-it-comes-to-incoming-space-objects/>, <spaceref.com/news/viewsr.html?pid=43620>, <b612foundation.org/rustys-post-an-asteroid-with-our-address/>, <b612foundation.org/rustys-post-changing-the-orbit-of-an-asteroid/>, <b612foundation.org/rustys-post-about-keyholes/>.

R. Stone, 2012, Science,  336, 1630, "A new dawn for China's space scientists." See: <www.sciencemag.org/content/336/6089/1630.summary?sid=87f26ee0-0564-40b0-9367-95573a612cfd>.

Asteroid 2012 MY2 (H = 26.3 mag, D ≈ 20 m) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 1.3 LD. Minimum miss distance 1.3 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2012+MY2&orb=1>.

R.A.N. Araujo, O.C. Winter, A.F.B.A. Prado, A. Sukhanov, 2012, Monthly Notices Royal Astronomical Society, 423, 3058, "Stability regions around the components of the triple system 2001 SN263." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012MNRAS.423.3058A>.

C. Burkhardt, T. Kleine, N. Dauphas, R. Wieler, 2012, Astrophysical Journal (Letters), 753, L6, "Nucleosynthetic tungsten isotope anomalies in acid leachates of the Murchison Chondrite: implications for hafnium-tungsten chronometry." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ApJ...753L...6B>.

N. Chaumard, B. Devouard, M. Delbò, et al., 2012, Icarus, 220, 65, "Radiative heating of carbonaceous near-Earth objects as a cause of thermal metamorphism for CK chondrites." See: <www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019103512001546>.

J. Gayon-Markt, M. Delbò, A. Morbidelli, S. Marchi, 2012, Monthly Notices Royal Astronomical Society, 424, 508, "On the origin of the Almahata Sitta meteorite and 2008 TC3 asteroid." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012MNRAS.424..508G>.

M. Hicks, S. Teague, C. Strojia, et al., 2012, The Astronomer's Telegram, #4251, "Physical characterization of the Potentially Hazardous Asteroid 2011 WV134." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ATel.4251....1H>.

M. Hicks, W. Smythe, T. Davtyan, et al., 2012, The Astronomer's Telegram, #4252, "Broadband photometry of 2012 LZ1: a large, dark Potentially Hazardous Asteroid." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ATel.4252....1H>.

C. Ma, O. Tschauner, J.R. Beckett, et al., 2012, American Mineralogist, 97, 1219, "Panguite, (Ti4⁺,Sc,Al,Mg,Zr,Ca)_1.8O₃, a new ultra-refractory titania mineral from the Allende meteorite: synchrotron micro-diffraction and EBSD." See: <www.its.caltech.edu/~chima/publications/2012_AM_buseckite.pdf>.
See also: <media.caltech.edu/press_releases/13524>.

D. Marčeta, S. Šegan, 2012, Advances in Space Research, 50(2), 256, "The distributions of positions of Minimal Orbit Intersection Distances among Near Earth Asteroids." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AdSpR..50..256M>.

G.O. Ryabova, 2012, Monthly Notices Royal Astronomical Society, 423, 2254, "On the possible ejection of meteoroids from asteroid (3200) Phaethon in 2009." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012MNRAS.423.2254R>.

J.A. Sanchez, V. Reddy, A. Nathues, et al., 2012, Icarus, 220, 36, "Phase reddening on near-Earth asteroids: implications for mineralogical analysis, space weathering and taxonomic classification." See: <www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019103512001376>.

T.L. Segura, C.P. McKay, O.B. Toon, 2012, Icarus, 220, 144, "An impact-induced, stable, runaway climate on Mars." See: <www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019103512001510>.
See also: <www.space.com/15887-mars-asteroid-impact-greenhouse-effect.html>.

L.L. Sokolov, A.A. Bashakov, T.P. Borisova, et al., 2012, Solar System Research, 46, 291, "Impact trajectories of the asteroid Apophis in the 21st century." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012SoSyR..46..291S>.

I. Wlodarczyk, 2012, Solar System Research, 46, 301, "Impact orbits of the asteroid 2009 FJ with the Earth." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012SoSyR..46..301W>.

K. Than, 2012, New Scientist, 6 July 2012, "Vital eye for killer asteroids could shut imminently." See: <www.newscientist.com/article/mg21528724.800-vital-eye-for-killer-asteroids-could-shut-imminently.html>.
See also: <www.mso.anu.edu.au/~rmn/>, <www.canberratimes.com.au/technology/sci-tech/funding-black-hole-means-our-asteroid-sentinel-may-abandon-crucial-work-20120710-21ubf.html>.

Gravitational Tractor. See: <apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap120707.html>.
Ref:
- E.T. Lu, S.G. Love, 2005, Nature, 438, 177, "Gravitational tractor for towing asteroids", an article describing how a spacecraft could deflect an Earth-bound asteroid without having to dock to its surface. See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005Natur.438..177L>

T.E. Bunch, R.E. Hermes, A.M.T. Moore, et al., 2012, Proceedings National Academy of Sciences, 109, 11066, "Very high-temperature impact melt products as evidence for cosmic airbursts and impacts 12,900 years ago." See: <www.pnas.org/content/109/28/E1903/1.full>.
See also: <www.ia.ucsb.edu/pa/display.aspx?pkey=2748>, <en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Younger_Dryas_impact_hypothesis>.

Seventh NASA Small Bodies Assessment Group meeting, 10-11 July 2012, Pasadena (CA, USA). See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/sbag/>, <www.lpi.usra.edu/sbag/meetings/jul2012/agenda.shtml>, <www.lpi.usra.edu/sbag/findings/index.shtml#sbag7>.  
Among the presentations:
- M.V. Sykes, 2012, Welkom & Report. See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/sbag/meetings/jul2012/presentations/TUES_0830_Sykes_Welcome.pdf>.
- M. Bernstein, 2012, Update on research programs relevant to Small Bodies. See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/sbag/meetings/jul2012/presentations/TUES_0915_Bernstein_RA.pptx.
- L. Johnson, 2012, Status and plans for the NEOO program. See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/sbag/meetings/jul2012/presentations/TUES_0945_Johnson_NEOO.pptx>
- L. Johnson, 2012, HQ response to SBAG-6 findings. See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/sbag/meetings/jul2012/presentations/TUES_0945_Johnson_Findings.pdf>.
- L.F. Lim, 2012, OSIRIS-REx. Asteroid sample return mission. See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/sbag/meetings/jul2012/presentations/TUES_1415_Lim_OSIRIS_REx.pdf>.
- M. Zolensky, 2012, Hayabusa update. See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/sbag/meetings/jul2012/presentations/TUES_1430_Zolensky_Hayabusa.pdf>.
P. Weissman, 2012, Rosetta update. See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/sbag/meetings/jul2012/presentations/TUES_1445_Weissman_Rosetta.pdf>.
- A. Mainzer, Near-Earth Object camera NEOCam. See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/sbag/meetings/jul2012/presentations/TUES_1515_Mainzer_NEOCam_compressed.pdf>.
- M. Buie, B612 Foundation, Ball Aerospace, 2012, The Sentinel mission. See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/sbag/meetings/jul2012/presentations/TUES_1545_Buie_B612>.
- C. Lewicki, 2012, Planetary Resources, Inc. See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/sbag/meetings/jul2012/presentations/TUES_1615_Lewicki%20PRI.pdf>.
- J. Brophy, L. Friedman, F. Culick, 2012, Asteroid retrieval mission study. See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/sbag/meetings/jul2012/presentations/TUES_1645_Brophy_Asteroid_Return.pdf>.

First Light Gala celebration for commissioning of the Discovery Channel Telescope, a 4.3 m telescope at Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff (AZ, USA) with 2.3-degree FoV, dedicated to NEO research down to v = 23.8 mag, in collaboration with Discovery Communications.
See: <www.lowell.edu/dct.php/>.
Ref:
- E. Bowell, R.L. Millis, E.W. Dunham, et al., 2007, in: A. Milani, G.B. Valsecchi & D. Vokrouhlický (eds.), Proc. IAU Symposium No. 236 on Near Earth Objects, our Celestial Neighbors: Opportunity and Risk, Prague (Czech Republic), 14-18 August 2006 (Cambridge: CUP), p. 363, "Searching for NEOs using the Lowell Observatory's Discovery Channel Telescope (DCT)." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007IAUS..236..363B>.
See also: <www.lowell.edu/media/content/DCT_fact_sheet.pdf>, <http://www.skyandtelescope.com/astronomy-news/discovery-channel-telescopes-debut/>, <azdailysun.com/news/local/one-giant-leap/article_782390cf-daf6-5d9d-b8f2-ab042bc94991.html>, <www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=37886>, <www.bu.edu/cas/2012/07/24/boston-university-joins-discovery-channel-telescope-partners-for-celebration-of-%E2%80%9Cfirst-light%E2%80%9D/>, <en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_Channel_Telescope>.

Asteroid 153958 (2002 AM31, H = 18.2 mag, D ≈ 800 m, PHA) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 13.7 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2002+AM31+&orb=1>.
See also: <www.universetoday.com/96384/watch-a-near-earth-asteroid-zoom-by/>, <www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2176561/Asteroid-nearly-mile-wide-sail-past-Earth-Sunday.html?ito=feeds-newsxml>, <www.space.com/16802-near-earth-asteroid-fly-by-captured-by-observatory-video.html>.

Prince Albert Impact Crater. Researchers from the University of Saskatchewan (Canada) and the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) have discovered, in 2010, a massive meteor impact from millions of years ago in Canada’s western Arctic. D ≈ 25 km. See: <news.usask.ca/2012/07/25/researcher-discovers-new-impact-crater-in-the-arctic/>, <phys.org/news/2012-08-impact-crater-arctic.html>, <www.thestar.com/news/canada/article/1231556--meteorite-crater-25-km-wide-discovered-in-arctic>, <en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Albert_Impact_Crater>.

C. Alwmark, B. Schmitz, M.M.M. Meier, et al., 2012, Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 47, 1297, "A global rain of micrometeorites following breakup of the L-chondrite parent body – Evidence from solar wind-implanted Ne in fossil extraterrestrial chromite grains from China." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012M%26PS...47.1297A>.

Md. Arif, N. Basavaiah, S. Mira, K. Deenadayalan, 2012, Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 47, 1305, "Variations in magnetic properties of target basalts with the direction of asteroid impact: example from Lonar crater, India." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012M%26PS...47.1305A>.

D. Bancelin, F. Colas, W. Thuillot, et al., 2012, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 544, 15, "Asteroid (99942) Apophis: new predictions of Earth encounters for this Potentially Hazardous Asteroid." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012A%26A...544A..15B>.

A. Lindskog, B. Schmitz, A. Cronholm, A. Dronov, 2012, Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 47, 1274, "A Russian record of a Middle Ordovician meteorite shower: extraterrestrial chromite at Lynna River, St. Petersburg region." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012M%26PS...47.1274L>.

C.R. Nugent, J.L. Margot, S.R. Chesley, D. Vokrouhlický, 2012, Astronomical Journal, 144, 60, "Detection of semi-major axis drifts in 54 Near-Earth Asteroids: new measurements of the Yarkovsky effect." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AJ....144...60N>.

S. Pizzarello, 2012, Astrophysical Journal (Letters), 754, L27, "Hydrogen cyanide in the Murchison Meteorite." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ApJ...754L..27P>.

E. Schunová, M. Granvik, R. Jedicke, et al., 2012, Icarus, 220, 1050, "Searching for the first Near-Earth Object family." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012Icar..220.1050S>.
See also: <spaceref.com/news/viewsr.html?pid=41300>.

D. Qiao, P. Cui, H. Cui, 2012, Advances in Space Research, 50(3), 327, "Proposal for a multiple-asteroid-flyby mission with sample return" See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AdSpR..50..327Q>.

Midwest U.S. Fireball. See: <www.space.com/12661-meteorites-midwest-meteor-fireball-ohio.html>.

C.M.O'D. Alexander, R. Bowden, M.L. Fogel, et al., 2012, Science, 337, 620; 337, 721, "The provenances of asteroids, and their contributions to the volatile inventories of the terrestrial planets."
See: <www.sciencemag.org/content/early/2012/07/11/science.1223474>.
See also: <www.space.com/16556-asteroid-impacts-earth-water.html>.

75th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical Society, Cairns (Australia), 12 - 17 August 2012, See: <www.meteoriticalsociety.org/simple_template.cfm?code=news_meetings&CFID=9258641&CFTOKEN=28349361>.
Among the papers:
- R.D. Acevedo, M. Rocca, J. Rabassa, et al., 2012, Meteoritics and Planetary Science Supplement, 75, 5043, "Near Earth Asteroids: a classification system according to their shapes." See: <http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012M&PSA..75.5043A>.
- P. Jenniskens, B. Girten, D. Sears, et al., September 2012, Meteoritics and Planetary Science Supplement, 75, 5376, "Recovery of the Sutter's Mill Meteorite." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012M%26PSA..75.5376J>.

S. Wagner, T. Winkler, B. Wie, 13-16 August 2012, in: 2012 AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialists Conference, 13-16 August 2012, Minneapolis (MN, USA), AIAA 2012-4874, "Analysis and selection of optimal targets for a planetary defense technology demonstration mission." See: <www.adrc.iastate.edu/files/2012/09/AIAA-2012-4874.pdf>.

M. Fessenden, 2012, Scientific American, 307, 23, "Meteor hunt." See: <www.nature.com/scientificamerican/journal/v307/n3/full/scientificamerican0912-23.html>.

Asteroid 4581 Asclepius (1989 FC, H = 20.4 mag, D ≈ 300 m, PHA) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 42.0 LD. Minimum miss distance 42.0 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=1989+FC&orb=1>, <en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4581_Asclepius>.
See also: 22 March 1989, 24 March 2051.

Battle Mountain Fireball and Meteorite. Observed between Reno and Salt Lake City (USA).
See: <www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2012-320>, <fieldmuseum.org/users/philipp-heck/blog/battle-mountain-meteorite-donated>.

IAU XXVIII General Assembly, Special Session 7, on The impact hazard: current activities and future plans, Beijing (China), 29-31 August 2012.
See: <www.iau.org/static/publications/IB110.pdf>, p. 46, <adams.dm.unipi.it/iausps7>, <www.astronomy2012.com/>.
Papers:
- P. Michel, W. Lork, D. Morrison, et al., 2012, "NEOShield - a global approach to NEO impact threat mitigation." (invited)
- S. Chesley, J. Giorgini, M. Brozovic, et al., 2012, "The trajectory dynamics of Near-Earth Asteroid 101955 (1999 RQ36).
- G.F. Gronchi, C. Tardioli, 2012, "Averaging on planet crossing orbits and secular evolution of the MOID."
- S. Chesley, P. Chodas, D. Grebow, et al., 2012, "Impact hazard assessment for 2011 AG5."
- P. Michel, N. Murdoch, A. Cheng, et al., 2012, "AIDA: Asteroid Impact and Deflection Assessment."
- M. Granvik, A. Morbidelli, E. Beshore, et al., 2012, "Constructing a new near-Earth-object model." (invited)
- J. Ping, Q. Huang, X. Su, 2012, "CE-1 Lunar Orbiter discovered many middle scale ancient impact basins and craters on the Moon."
- G. Valsecchi, G. Gronchi, 2012, "The population of bright NEAs."
- P. Jenniskens, 2012, "Current efforts to detect long-period PHO in meteoroid orbit surveys."
- T.J. Jopek, 2012, "The Near Earth Asteroid associations."
- S. Abe, 2012, "An artificial Earth impactor as an indicator of the association between meteorites and NEOs."
- A. Devyatkin, N. Shakht, E. Sokov, et al., 2012, "Near-Earth Objects research in Pulkovo observatory."
- O. Shulga, Y. Kozyryev, Y. Sybiryakova, et al., 2012, NAO and SHAO participation in the near-Earth space observations."
- S. Chesley, D. Lauretta, the OSIRIS-REx Team, 2012, "The OSIRIS-REx mission – returning a sample from asteroid (101955) 1999 RQ36." (invited)
- P. Michel, L.-M. Lara, B. Marty, D. Koschny, et al., 2012, "MarcoPolo-R: Near Earth Asteroid sample return mission candidate as ESA-M3 class mission."
- P. Michel, J.-Y. Prado, M. A. Barucci, et al., 2012, "Probing the interior of asteroid Apophis: a unique opportunity in 2029."
- G. Valsecchi, E. Perozzi, A. Rossi, 2012, "A space mission to detect imminent Earth impactors."
- F. Bernardi, D. Farnocchia, G. B. Valsecchi, D. Koschny, et al., 2012, "The NEO Wide Field Survey for the ESA Space Situational Awareness program: an effective survey for discovering NEOs of the Tunguska class: 10 to 160 m.
- K. Muinonen, M. Granvik, D. Oszkiewicz, et al., 2012, "Virtual-observation MCMC for orbital inversion."
- G. Valsecchi, G. D'Abramo, A. Boattini, 2012, "Selection effects in the discovery of NEAs."
- J.-L. Margot, J. Giorgini, 2012, "The role of radar astronomy in assessing and mitigating the asteroid impact hazard."
- G.F. Gronchi, G. B. Valsecchi, 2012, "The possible values of the orbit distance between a NEA and the Earth."
- D. Koschny, N. Sanchez, G. Valsecchi, et al., 2012, "Precursor services for a European Space Situational Awareness near-Earth object segment."
- B. Shustov, 2012, "On coordinated approach to the problem of asteroid/comet impact hazard in Russia."
- A. Milani Comparetti, G.B. Valsecchi, 2012, Whom should we call? Data policy for immediate impactors announcements."
Posters:
- D.C. Boice, S.E. Martinez, 2012, "Warning times for potentially hazardous long-period comets."
- J. Desmars, Z.-H. Tang, 2012, Detection of secular drift in asteroid semimajor axis from astrometric observations."
- O. Golubov, Y. Krugly, 2012, "Tangential components of Yarkovsky and YORP effacts."
- T. Ito, A. Higuchi, 2012, "Dynamical evolution of the Oort cloud new comets."
- A. Kazantsev, 2012, "Estimation of NEAs quantity by on size distribution."
- A. Kazantsev, 2012, "Suitable periods and conditions for Apophis’s orbit correction."
- D. Lazzaro, T. Rodrigues, J. Marcio Carvano, F. Roig, T. Mothe-Diniz, IMPACTON team, 2012, "The IMPACTON project: implementation and first results."
- I. Shmeld, M. Abele, L. Kruze, I. Eglitis, 2012, "The universal program package for the calculating the trajectories of near-the Earth objects."
- S. Siregar, N. Daud, 2012, On the "probability density function and Tisserand invariant of the orbital elements of the NEAs."
- J. Ticha, M. Honkova, M. Tichy, M. Kocer, 2012, KLENOT next generation."

The IAU XXVIII General Assembly, held in Beijing (China), adopted on 30 August 2012 the following Resolution B3 on the establishment of an International NEO Early Warning System, as proposed by the IAU Division III Working Group on Near Earth Objects:
The XXVIIIth General Assembly of the International Astronomical Union,
recognizing
- that there is now ample evidence that the probability of catastrophic impacts of Near-Earth Objects (NEOs) onto the Earth, potentially highly destructive to life, and for humankind in particular, is not negligible and that appropriate actions are being developed to avoid such catastrophes;
- that for the largest NEOs, thanks to the efforts of the astronomical community and of several space agencies, the cataloguing of the potentially hazardous ones, the monitoring of their impact possibilities, and the analysis of technologically feasible mitigations is reaching a satisfactory level;
- that even the impact of small- to moderate-sized objects may represent a great threat to our civilizations and to the international community;
- that our knowledge of the number, size, and orbital behaviour of smaller objects is still very limited, thus not allowing any reasonable anticipation on the likelihood of future impacts,
noting
that NEOs are a threat to all nations on Earth, and therefore that all nations should contribute to avert this threat,
recommends
that the IAU National Members work with the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UNCOPUOS) and the International Council for Science (ICSU) to coordinate and collaborate on the establishment of an International NEO Early Warning System, relying on the scientific and technical advice of the relevant astronomical community, whose main purpose is the reliable identification of potential NEO collisions with the Earth, and the communication of the relevant parameters to suitable decision makers of the nation(s) involved.
See: <info.bao.ac.cn/download/astronomy/IAU2012/newspaper/IHissue09.pdf>, page 4.

R.D. Acevedo, M. Rocca, J. Rabassa, et al., 2012, Meteoritics and Planetary Science Supplement, 75, 5043, "Near Earth Asteroids: a classification system according to their shapes." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012M%26PSA..75.5043A>.

R. Armellin, A. Morselli, P. Di Lizia, M. Lavagna, 2012, Advances in Space Research, 50, 527, "Rigorous computation of orbital conjunctions." See: <spacegeneration.org/index.php/eventstopics/news/604-sgacs-near-earth-object-neo-working-group-announces-the-fifth-annual-move-an-asteroid-technical-p>, <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AdSpR..50..527A>.

A.W. Harris, P. Pravec, B.D. Warner, 2012, Icarus, 221, 226, "Looking a gift horse in the mouth: evaluation of wide-field asteroid photometric surveys." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012Icar..221..226H>.

H. Hussmann, J. Oberst, K. Wickhusen, et al., 2012, Planetary and Space Science, 70, 102, "Stability and evolution of orbits around the binary asteroid 175706 (1996 FG3): implications for the MarcoPolo-R mission." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012P%26SS...70..102H>.

P. Jenniskens, B. Girten, D. Sears, et al., 2012, Meteoritics and Planetary Science Supplement, 75, 5376, "Recovery of the Sutter's Mill Meteorite." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012M%26PSA..75.5376J>.

C.R. Nugent, A. Mainzer, J. Masiero, et al., 2012, Astronomical Journal, 144, 75, "The Yarkovsky drift's influence on NEAs: trends and predictions with NEOWISE measurements." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AJ....144...75N>.

P. Pravec, A.W. Harris, P. Kušnirák, et al., 2012, Icarus, 221, 365, "Absolute magnitudes of asteroids and a revision of asteroid albedo estimates from WISE thermal observations." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012Icar..221..365P>.

Space Generation Advisory Council Move an asteroid 2012 competition award winner announcement: Sung Wook Paek, a graduate student in the MIT Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics.See: <spacegeneration.org/index.php/eventstopics/news/604-sgacs-near-earth-object-neo-working-group-announces-the-fifth-annual-move-an-asteroid-technical-p>, <http://spacegeneration.org/component/content/article/37-uncategorised/news/669-sgac-announces-the-winner-of-the-2012-move-an-asteroid-competition.html>, <web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2012/deflecting-an-asteroid-with-paintballs-1026.html>.

NASA announces asteroid naming contest for students. See: <planetary.org/get-involved/contests/osirisrex/>, <www.nasa.gov/topics/solarsystem/features/name-asteroid.html>.
See also: <www.space.com/17497-nasa-asteroid-naming-contest-1999-rq36.html>.

NASA spacecraft Dawn left asteroid 4 Vesta and is cruising to dwarf planet 1 Ceres. See: <dawn.jpl.nasa.gov/>.

Impact on Jupiter, observed independendly by two amateur astronomers. See: <www.space.com/17534-jupiter-impact-explosion-amateur-astronomers.html>, <www.space.com/17535-latest-explosion-on-jupiter-captured-by-amateur-astronomer-video.html>, <www.space.com/17546-jupiter-impact-slooh-webcast-tonight.html>, <www.skyandtelescope.com/community/skyblog/observingblog/Another-Flash-on-Jupiter-169263686.html>.

Asteroid 2012 QG42 (H = 20.7 mag, D ≈ 250 m, PHA) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 7.4 LD. Minimum miss distance 7.4 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2012+QG42+&orb=1>.
See also: <http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/potentially-hazardous-asteroid-double-flyby-astronomy/>.

Asteroid 2012 QC8 (H = 18.0 mag, D ≈ 900 m) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 22.7 LD. Minimum miss distance 22.7 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2012+QC8+&orb=1>.
See also: <news.nationalgeographic.com/news/potentially-hazardous-asteroid-double-flyby-astronomy/>.

A.W. Harris, M.A. Barucci, J.L. Cano, et al., 2012, Acta Astronautica, online, "The European funded NEOShield project: A global approach to Near-Earth Object impact threat mitigation." See: <elib.dlr.de/70019/1/NEOShield_paper_pdc11.pdf>, <www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0094576512003360>.

International Meteor Conference 2012, La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain) 20-23 September 2012. See: <www.imo.net/imc2012/>, <www.imo.net/imc2012/proceedings>.

U.K. Fireball. See: <www.space.com/17740-dazzling-meteor-fireball-video-united-kingdom.html>.

European Planetary Science Congress 2012 (EPSC), IFEMA-Feria de Madrid, Madrid (Spain), 23-28 September 2012. See: <www.epsc2012.eu/>, <meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EPSC2012/sessionprogramme/SB>, <meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EPSC2012/oral_program/11492>.
Among the papers:
- J. Agarwal, D. Jewitt, H. Weaver, et al., 2012, "P/2010 A2 – impact or rotational break-up?" See: <meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EPSC2012/EPSC2012-729.pdf>.
- J. Borovička, P. Spurný, 2012, "A semi-empirical model of atmospheric fragmentation of meteoroids." See: <meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EPSC2012/EPSC2012-31.pdf>.
- A. Campo Bagatin, A. Rossi, R.A. Alemañ, et al., 2012, "1996 FG3, MarcoPolo-R mission target: living on the edge." See: <meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EPSC2012/EPSC2012-542-1.pdf>.
- A.F. Cheng, P. Michel, C. Reed, et al., 2012, "DART: Double Asteroid Redirection Test." See: <meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EPSC2012/EPSC2012-935-1.pdf>.
- M. Delbò, K. Walsh, 2012, "Where do the primitive NEOs come from? A new asteroid family may be a primary source." See: <meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EPSC2012/EPSC2012-622.pdf>.
- J. de Leon, V. Lorenzi, V. Alí-Lagoa, et al., 2012, "Additional spectra of binary asteroid 1996 FG3, primary target of the ESA MarcoPolo-R mission." See: <meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EPSC2012/EPSC2012-230-1.pdf>.
- L. Egorova, V. Lokhin, 2012, "On the mechanism of crushing meteoroid with end flash effect." See: <meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EPSC2012/EPSC2012-769.pdf>.
- J. Flohrer, J. Oberst, D. Heinlein, T. Grau, 2012, "The European Fireball Network 2011 - status of cameras and observation results in Germany." See: <meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EPSC2012/EPSC2012-441.pdf>.
- A. Galvez, I. Carnelli, M. Fontaine, C. Corral Van Damme, 2012, "Asteroid Impact Mission (AIM) & deflection assessment: an opportunity to understand impact dynamics and modelling." See: <meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EPSC2012/EPSC2012-807.pdf>.
- M.I. Gritsevich, 2012, "Coupling approaches used in atmospheric entry models." See: <meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EPSC2012/EPSC2012-910.pdf>.
- A.W. Harris, M.A. Barucci, J.L. Cano, et al., 2012, "NEOShield: Working towards an international near-Earth object mitigation demonstration mission." See: <meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EPSC2012/EPSC2012-126.pdf>.
- S.A. Jacobson, P. Scheirich, P. Pravec, D.J. Scheeres, 2012, "Spacecraft discoveries enabled by photometric observations of the dynamics of 1996 FG3." See: <meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EPSC2012/EPSC2012-365-2.pdf>.
- T. Kohout, J.-P. Suuronen, A. Kallonen, et al., 2012, "Changes to meteoroid shape, density, porosity and internal structure during high velocity atmospheric entry." See: <meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EPSC2012/EPSC2012-519.pdf>.
- L. ORourke, T. Müller, C. Kiss, et al., 2012, "Herschel observations of the Hayabusa 2 asteroid 162173 (1999 JU3)." See: <meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EPSC2012/EPSC2012-753-2.pdf>.
- D. Perna, E. Dotto, M.A. Barucci, et al., 2012, "UV-to-NIR spectroscopy of 1996 FG3." See: <hmeetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EPSC2012/EPSC2012-334.pdf>.
- A.S. Rivkin, E.S. Howell, F.E. DeMeo, et al., 2012, "The MarcoPolo-R target asteroid (175706) 1996 FG3: hydrated minerals and a variable spectral slope." See: <meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EPSC2012/EPSC2012-350.pdf>.
- F. Spoto, D. Farnocchia, A. Milani, et al., 2012, "Near Earth Asteroids with measurable Yarkovsky effect." See: <meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EPSC2012/EPSC2012-345.pdf>.
- J. Vaubaillon, F. Colas, S. Bouley, et al., 2012, "The meteor dedicated CAmera for BEtter Resolution NETwork (CABERNET)." See: <meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EPSC2012/EPSC2012-458.pdf>.
- I. Vereshchagina, E. Sokov, D. Gorshanov, et al., 2012, "Investigation of binary asteroids and NEOs." See: <meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EPSC2012/EPSC2012-125.pdf>.

P. Pravec, A.W. Harris, P. Kušniráka, et al., 2012, Icarus, 221, 365, "Absolute magnitudes of asteroids and a revision of asteroid albedo estimates from WISE thermal observations." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012Icar..221..365P>.

J. Goff, C. Chagué-Goff, M. Archer, et al., 2012, Journal of Quaternary Science, 27, 660, "The Eltanin asteroid impact: possible South Pacific palaeomegatsunami footprint and potential implications for the Pliocene–Pleistocene transition." See: <onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jqs.2571/abstract>.
See also: <phys.org/news/2012-09-pacific-ocean-meteor-trigger-ice.html>.

M. Vasile, C.A. Maddock, 2012, Advances in Space Research, 50, 891, "Design of a formation of solar pumped lasers for asteroid deflection." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AdSpR..50..891V>.
See also: <www.bbc.com/future/story/20120622-a-laser-fix-for-asteroid-threats>.

F. Zuiani, M. Vasile, A. Gibbings, 2012, Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy, 114, 107, "Evidence-based robust design of deflection actions for near Earth objects." See: <link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10569-012-9423-1>.

R.A. Williamson, L. David, R. Schweickart, 2012, in: 25th Symposium on Space Policy, Regulations and Economics, 1-5 October 2012, Napels (Italy), "Crafting an effective communications plan for an international response to a threatening Near Earth Object." See: <swfound.org/media/93083/e.3.1.9-neos_media-williamson_david_schweickart.pdf>.

Asteroid 2012 TV (H = 25.2 mag, D ≈ 35 m) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.7 LD. Minimum miss distance 0.7 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2012+TV&orb=1>.

Asteroid 2012 TM79 (H = 26.6 mag, D ≈ 20 m) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.2 LD. Minimum miss distance 0.2 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2012+TM79+&orb=1>.

Asteroid 2012 TC4 (H = 26.7 mag, D ≈ 15 m) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.2 LD. Minimum miss distance 0.2 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2012+TC4+&orb=1>.
See also: 12 October 1996, 12 October 2017, <www.space.com/18007-asteroid-coming-closer-than-the-moon-video.html>.

International Workshop on Instrumentation for Planetary Missions, 10-12 October 2012, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt (MD, USA). See: <ssed.gsfc.nasa.gov/IPM/index.html>.

American Astronomical Society, 44th Division for Planetary Science  meeting, 14-19 October 2012, Reno (Nevada, USA).
Among the papers:
- P. Abell, B.W. Barbee, R.G. Mink, et al., 2012, #111.01, "The Near-Earth Object Human Space Flight Accessible Targets Study (NHATS) list of Near-Earth Asteroids: identifying potential targets for future exploration." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012DPS....4411101A>.
- R. Araujo, O.C. Winter, 2012, #210.04, "NEAs' satellites under close encounters with Earth." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012DPS....4421004A>.
- D. Bancelin, D. Hestrofer, W. Thuillot, 2012, #210.01, "Asteroid Apophis from past, present and future observations." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012DPS....4421001B>.
- L.A.M. Benner, M. Brozovic, J.D. Giorgini, et al., 2012, #102.06, "Arecibo and Goldstone Radar Observations of binary Near-Earth Asteroid and Marco Polo-R mission target (175706) 1996 FG3." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012DPS....4410206B>.
- R.P. Binzel, F.E. DeMeo, M. Lockhart, et al., 2012, #202.03, "Cracking the Space Weathering Code: ordinary chondrite asteroids in the Near-Earth population." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012DPS....4420203B>.
- B.T. Bolin, R. Jedicke, M. Granvik, 2012, #305.06, "The detectability of Earth’s temporarily captured orbiters." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012DPS....4430506B>.
- M.W. Busch, S.J. Ostro, L.A. Benner, et al., 2012, #302.05, "Radar imaging of 11066 Sigurd, 2000 YF29, and 2004 XL14 and the obliquity distribution of contact binary Near-Earth Asteroids." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012DPS....4430205B>.
- A.F. Cheng, A. Rivkin, A. Galvez, et al., 2012, #215.03, "AIDA: Asteroid Impact & Deflection Assessment." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012DPS....4421503C>.
- M. Delbò, D. Nesvorny, J. Licandro, V. Ali-Lagoa, 2012, #202.01, "New analysis of the Baptistina asteroid family: implications for its link with the K/T impactor." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012DPS....4420201D>.
- J.P. Emery, M.S. Kelly, Y.R. Fernandez, et al., 2012, #102.05, "Thermal and physical characterization of the OSIRIS-REx target asteroid (101955) 1999 RQ36." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012DPS....4410205E>.
- D. Farnocchia, A. Milani, S.R. Chesley, et al., #305.02, "Near Earth Asteroids with measurable Yarkovsky effect." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012DPS....4430502F>.
- M. Granvik, A. Morbidelli, W. Bottke, et al., 2012, #305.03, "Source regions for Near-Earth Objects." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012DPS....4430503G>.
- A.W. Harris, L. Drube, NEOShield Consortium, 2012, #210.05, "The NEOShield project: understanding the mitigation-relevant physical properties of potentially hazardous asteroids." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012DPS....4421005H>.
- A.W. Harris, 2012, #305.08, "The value of enhanced NEO surveys." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012DPS....4430508H>.
- M.D. Hicks, K.J. Lawrence, J. Somers, et al., 2012, #110.13, "A spectroscopic and photometric survey of selected Near-Earth Asteroids: results from 2008-2012." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012DPS....4411013H>.
- J.E. Horvath, D. Galante, 2012, International Journal of Astrobiology, 11, 279, "Effects of high-energy astrophysical events on habitable planets." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012IJAsB..11..279H>.
- E.S. Howell, R.J. Verrack, M.C. Nolan, et al., 2012, #110.07, "Combining thermal and radar observations of Near-Earth Asteroids." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012DPS....4411007H>.
- R. Jedicke, J. Tonry, P. Veres, et al., 2012, #210.12, "ATLAS: Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012DPS....4421012J>.
- K. Kitazato, S. Abe, M. Ishiguro, et al., October 2012, #210.20, "Measuring the YORP effect of asteroid 4660 Nereus." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012DPS....4421020K>.
- C. Lantz, E. Dotto, M.A. Barucci, et al., 2012, #215.02, "The European sample return mission MarcoPolo-R: understanding the nature of extraterrestrial primitive materials and tracing the origins." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012DPS....4421502L>.
- L.F. Lim, J.P. Emery, N.A. Moskovitz, et al., 2012, #305.01, "The Near-Earth encounter of asteroid 308635 (2005 YU55): thermal IR observations." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012DPS....4430501L>.
- A.K. Mainzer, J. Bauer, T. Grav, et al., 2012, #102.07, "Preliminary results from the NEOWISE post-cryogenic mission." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012DPS....4410207M>.
- R.S. McMillan, T.H. Bressi, J.V. Scotti, et al., 2012, #210.14, "Spacewatch observations of Near-Earth Objects." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012DPS....4421014M>.
- M. Mommert, A.W. Harris, D.E. Trilling, et al., 2012, #302.03, "ExploreNEOs: search for Near-Earth Objects of cometary origin." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012DPS....4430203M>.
- N. Moskovitz, S. Abe, D. Osip, et al., 2012, #102.04, "Characterization of Hayabusa 2 target asteroid (162173) 1999 JU3." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012DPS....4410204M>.
- M.C. Nolan, C. Magri, L.A.M. Benner, et al., 2012, #110.02, "The shape of OSIRIS-REx mission target 1999 RQ36 from RADAR and lightcurve data." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012DPS....4411002N>.
- C. Nugent, A. Mainzer, J. Masiero, et al., 2012, #210.18, "The Yarkovsky drift’s influence on NEAs: trends and predictions with NEOWISE measurements." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012DPS....4421018N>.
- A.S. Rivkin, E.S. Howell, J.P. Emery, J.M. Sunshine, 2012, #202.02, "Does the Solar Wind create OH on NEO surfaces?: observations of 433 Eros and 1036 Ganymed." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012DPS....4420202R>.
- S. Tardivel, P. Michel, D. Scheeres, 2012, #215.24, "Concept of operations for deploying a lander on the secondary body of binary asteroid 1996 FG3." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012DPS....4421524T>.
- P.A. Taylor, E.S. Howell, M.C. Nolan, A.A. Thane, 2012, #302.07, "The shape and spin distributions of Near-Earth Asteroids observed with the Arecibo radar system." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012DPS....4430207T>.
- F. Vilas, 2012, #102.03, "New spectral reflectance observations of Hayabusa 2 Near-Earth Asteroid target (162173) 1999 JU3." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012DPS....4410203V>.

California Fireball.The meteor put on a dazzling display over Northern California (USA). The subsequent fireball and sonic boom triggered a flood of reports by witnesses to local news stations and authorities, with accounts coming in from across San Francisco and the Bay Area.
See: <www.space.com/18116-spectacular-meteor-california-fireball.html>, <www.space.com/18117-fireball-lights-up-san-jose-video.html>.

R. Bewick, J.P. Sancjez, C.R. McInnes, 2012, Advances in Space Research, 50, 1405, "Gravitationally bound geoengineering dust shade at the inner Lagrange point." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AdSpR..50.1405B>.
See also: <www.space.com/17830-asteroid-dust-geoenineering-global-warming.html>.

C. Bombardelli, G. Baù, 2012, Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy, 114, 279, "Accurate analytical approximation of asteroid deflection with constant tangential thrust." See: <link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10569-012-9440-0>.

C. de la Fuente Marcos, R. de la Fuente Marcos, 2012, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 427, 728, "On the dynamical evolution of 2002 VE68." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012MNRAS.427..728D>.

J. Ďurech, D. Vokrouhlický, A.R. Baransky, 2012, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 547, 109, "Analysis of the rotation period of asteroids (1865) Cerberus, (2100) Ra-Shalom, and (3103) Eger – search for the YORP effect." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012A%26A...547A..10D>.

K.M. Gietzen, C.H.S. Lacy, D.R. Ostrowski, et al., 2012, Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 47, 1789, "IRTF observations of S complex and other asteroids: implications for surface compositions, the presence of clinopyroxenes, and their relationship to meteorites." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012M%26PS...47.1789G>.

P. Vereš, R. Jedicke, L. Denneau, et al., 2012, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 124, 1197, "Improved asteroid astrometry and photometry with trail fitting." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012PASP..124.1197V>.

D. Véronique, B. Doris, C. Philippe, et al., 2012, Planetary and Space Science, 72, 3, "From meteorites to evolution and habitability of planets." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012P%26SS...72....3V>.

D.K. Yeomans, 2013, Near-Earth Objects. Finding them before they find us (Princeton: Princeton University Press; ISBN 978-0-69114929-5). See: <press.princeton.edu/titles/9817.html>.
See also: <www.thespacereview.com/article/2192/1>, <www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/book-review-near-earth-objects-finding-them-before-they-find-us-by-donald-k-yeomans/2012/12/21/01db8270-4070-11e2-bca3-aadc9b7e29c5_story.html>, <www.space.com/19263-asteroid-threat-earth-don-yeomans.html>, <blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/2013/01/22/asteroid-hunter-gives-an-update-on-the-threat-of-near-earth-objects/>, <cosmiclog.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/01/25/16702712-asteroids-vs-comets-nasa-expert-assesses-the-cosmic-threats-to-earth?lite>.

Asteroid 214869 (2007 PA8, H = 16.3 mag, D ≈ 1600 m, PHA), passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 16.85 LD. Minimum miss distance 16.85 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2007+PA8&orb=1>.
See also: <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2012-350>, <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2012-369>, <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ATel.4625....1H>.

Pristine Moon crater Linné could help unlock impacts' secrets on Earth. See: <www.space.com/18354-virgin-moon-crater-reveals-vital-secrets-of-impacts-video.html>, <www.space.com/18361-linne-crater-moon-nasa-lro.html>, <en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linn%C3%A9_(crater)>.
Ref.:
- J.B. Garvin, M.S. Robinson, J. Frawley, et al., 2011, in: 42nd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, "Linné: simple lunar mare crater geometry from LRO observations." See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2011/pdf/2063.pdf>.

H. Chennaoui Aoudjehane, G. Avice, J.-A. Barrat, et al., 2012, Science, 338, 785, "Tissint Martian meteorite: a fresh look at the interior, surface, and atmosphere of Mars." See: <www.sciencemag.org/content/early/2012/10/12/science.1224514>.

Asteroid 2012 VH77 (H = 27.3 mag, D ≈ 10 m), passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.5 LD. Minimum miss distance 0.5 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2012+VH77&orb=1>.

Asteroid 2012 VJ38 (H = 28.5 mag, D ≈ 7 m), passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.6 LD. Minimum miss distance 0.6 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2012+VJ38+&orb=1>.

UN - Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UN-COPUOS), Information on research in the field of NEOs carried out by Member States, international organizations and other entities. A/AC.105/C.1/106. See: <www.oosa.unvienna.org/pdf/reports/ac105/C1/AC105_C1_106E.pdf>.

J.A. Tarduno, R.D. Cottrell, F. Nimmo, et al., Science, 338, 939, "Evidence for a dynamo in the main group Pallasite parent body." See: <www.sciencemag.org/content/338/6109/939.abstract>.

B.P. Weiss, 2012, Science, 338, 897, "A vitrage of asteroid magnetism." See: <www.sciencemag.org/content/338/6109/897.summary>.

A. Mainzer, T. Grav, J. Masiero, et al., 2012, Astrophysical Journal (Letters), 760, L12, "Physical parameters of asteroids estimated from the WISE 3 Band data and NEOWISE post-cryogenic survey." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ApJ...760L..12M>.

A. Rivkin, on behalf of the SBAG SKG‐SAT, 2012, NEO/Phobos/Deimos Strategic Knowledge Gaps, Special Action Team Final Report. See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/sbag/documents/FinalReport_112812.pdf>.

D. de Niem, E. Kührt, A. Morbidelli, U. Motschmann, 2012, Icarus, 221, 495, "Atmospheric erosion and replenishment induced by impacts upon the Earth and Mars during a heavy bombardment." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012Icar..221..495D>.

D. Polishook, R.P. Binzel, M. Lockhart, 2012, Icarus, 221, 1187, "Spectral and spin measurement of two small and fast-rotating near-Earth asteroids." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012Icar..221.1187P>.

V. Reddy, L. LeCorre, M. Hicks, et al., 2012, Icarus, 221, 678, "Composition of Near-Earth Asteroid 2008 EV5: potential target for robotic and human exploration." See: <www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019103512003545>.

V. Reddy, J.A. Sanchez, M.J. Gaffey, et al., 2012, Icarus, 221, 1177, "Composition of Near-Earth Asteroid (4179) Toutatis." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012Icar..221.1177R>.

A.A. Christou, T. Kwiatkowski, M. Butkiewicz, et al., 2012, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 548, 63, "Physical and dynamical characterisation of low delta-V NEA (190491) 2000 FJ10." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012A%26A...548A..63C>.

Z. Hasnain, C.A. Lamb, S.D. Ross, 2012, Acta Astronautica, 81, 523, "Capturing near-Earth asteroids around Earth." See: <www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0094576512002925>.

M. Hicks, D. Dombroski, 2012, The Astronomer's Telegram, #4623, "Broadband photometry of 214869 (2007 PA8): a slowly rotating potentially hazardous asteroid." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ATel.4625....1H>.

M. Hicks, M. Brewer, J. Somers, 2012, The Astronomer's Telegram, #4625, "Physical characterization of (333358) 2001 WN1: a large, possibly water-rich, low delta-V Near-Earth Asteroid." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ATel.4625....1H>.

K.J. Mighell, M. Rehnberg, R. Crawford, et al., 2012, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 124, 1360, "PhAst: an IDL astronomical image viewer optimized for astrometry of Near Earth Objects." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012PASP..124.1360M>.

T.G. Müller, L. O'Rourke, A.M. Barucci, et al., 2012, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 548, 36, "Physical properties of OSIRIS-REx target asteroid (101955) 1999 RQ36. Derived from Herschel, VLT/ VISIR, and Spitzer observations." <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012A%26A...548A..36M>.

J. Oberst, A. Christou, R. Suggs, et al., 2012, Planetary and Space Science, 74, 179, "The present-day flux of large meteoroids on the lunar surface — a synthesis of models and observational techniques." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012P%26SS...74..179O>.

D. Oszkiewicz, K. Muinonen, J. Virtanen, et al., 2012, Planetary and Space Science, 73, 30, "Modeling collision probability for Earth-impactor 2008 TC3." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012P%26SS...73...30O>.

N.H. Sleep, 2012, Astrobiology, 12, 1163, "Life: asteroid target, witness from the early Earth, and ubiquitous effect on global geology." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AsBio..12.1163S>.

K.J. Wals, A. Morbidelli, S.N. Raymond, et al., 2012, Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 74, 1941, "Populating the asteroid belt from two parent source regions due to the migration of giant planets—"The Grand Tack"." See: <onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1945-5100.2012.01418.x/abstract>.

I.Wlodarczyk, 2012, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 427, 1175, "The potentially dangerous asteroid 2012 DA14." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012MNRAS.427.1175W>.

T. Usui, C.M.O'D. Alexander, J. Wang, et al., 2012, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 357, 119, "Origin of water and mantle–crust interactions on Mars inferred from hydrogen isotopes and volatile element abundances of olivine-hosted melt inclusions of primitive shergottites." See: <www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X12005043>.
See also: <www.space.com/18571-mars-water-formation-earth.html>.

La Monica Everett-Haynes, 2012, UANews, 3 December 2102, "Improving software for asteroid detection." See: <uanews.org/story/improving-software-asteroid-detection>.

PIONEERING: Sustaining U.S. leadership in space. Report by the U.S. Space Foundation. See: <www.spacefoundation.org/programs/research-and-analysis/pioneering/media/space-foundation-recommends-nasa-adopt-pioneering>, <www.spacefoundation.org/sites/default/files/downloads/PIONEERING_Exec%20Sum.pdf>, <www.spacefoundation.org/sites/default/files/downloads/PIONEERING.pdf>.
See also: <www.space.com/18754-nasa-direction-space-leadership-report.html>, <www.space.com/19070-nasa-asteroid-mission-direction.html>.

M. Hicks, D. Dombroski, The Astronomer's Telegram, #4623, "Physical characterization of (333358) 2001 WN1: a large, possibly water-rich, low delta-V Near-Earth Asteroid." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ATel.4623....1H>.

Texas Fireball. See: <www.space.com/18840-texas-meteor-fireball-video.html>, <www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-20654335>.

N.H. Sleep, 2012, Astrobiology, 12, 1163, "Life: asteroid target, witness from the early Earth, and ubiquitous effect on global geology." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AsBio..12.1163S>

Asteroid 2012 XE54 (H = 25.4 mag, D ≈ 30 m), passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.6 LD. Minimum miss distance 0.6 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2012+XE54+&orb=1>.
See also: <www.universetoday.com/98923/two-asteroids-will-buzz-past-earth-on-december-11/>, <www.space.com/18854-newfound-asteroid-close-flyby-earth.html>.

E. Hand, 2012, Nature, 492, 161, "Duelling visions stall NASA. A US plan to send humans to explore an asteroid is losing momentum." See: <www.nature.com/news/duelling-visions-stall-nasa-1.12003>, <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012Natur.492..161H>.

Asteroid 4179 Toutatis (1989 AC, H = 15.3 mag, D = 4.6 × 2.4 × 1.9 km, orbital P = 4.03 yr, PHA) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 18.0 LD. Minimum miss distance 18.0 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=1989+AC&orb=1>, <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2012-397>, <www.jpl.nasa.gov/video/index.php?id=1175>, <en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4179_Toutatis>.
See also: <www.planetary.org/blogs/emily-lakdawalla/2012/12061004-toutatis-preview.html>, <www.space.com/18843-asteroid-toutatis-flyby-webcasts.html>, <www.universetoday.com/98923/two-asteroids-will-buzz-past-earth-on-december-11/>, <www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2012-397>,
<science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2012/12dec_toutatis/>, <cosmiclog.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/12/15/15919205-new-milestone-for-china-probe-snaps-close-ups-of-asteroid-toutatis?lite>, <www.lpi.usra.edu/sbag/meetings/jan2013/presentations/sbag8_presentations/>.
See also: 8 December 1992, 30 November 1996, 31 October 2000, 29 September 2004, 9 November 2008, 5 November 2069.

Flyby of 4179 Toutatis (1989 AC, H = 15.3 mag, D = 4.6×2.4×1.9 km, NEA, PHA), at an altitude of just 3.2 km and at a relative velocity of 10.73 km/s, by the Chinese spacecraft Chang'e-2, launched on 1 October 2010 for a lunar survey mission. On 8 June 2011, Chang'e-2 left lunar orbit for the L2 Lagrangian point, to test the Chinese tracking and control network. It departed from L2 on 15 April 2012, heading for 4179 Toutatis, the largest PHA known. See: <en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang'e_2>.
See also: <www.planetary.org/blogs/emily-lakdawalla/2012/12061004-toutatis-preview.html>, <www.planetary.org/blogs/emily-lakdawalla/2012/12141551-change-2-imaging-of-toutatis.html>, <cosmiclog.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/12/15/15919205-new-milestone-for-china-probe-snaps-close-ups-of-asteroid-toutatis?lite>, <ow.ly/hqrvW>.

Asteroid 2012 XB112 (H = 29.9 mag, D ≈ 4 m), passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.8 LD. Minimum miss distance 0.8 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2012+XB112+&orb=1>.

Asteroid 2012 XL134 (H = 27.8 mag, D ≈ 10 m), passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.7 LD. Minimum miss distance 0.7 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2012+XL134+&orb=1>.

UN - Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UN-COPUOS), Near-Earth objects, 2012-2013, Final report of the Action Team 14 on Near-Earth Objects. See: <www.unoosa.org/pdf/limited/c1/AC105_C1_L330E.pdf>.

UN - Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UN-COPUOS), Near-Earth objects, 2011-2012. Recommendations of the Action Team on Near-Earth Objects for an international response to the near-Earth object impact threat. See: <www.oosa.unvienna.org/pdf/limited/c1/AC105_C1_L329E.pdf>.

E. Underwood, 2012, Science, 338, 1521, "Sutter's Mill Meteorite produces mother lode of research." See: <www.sciencemag.org/content/338/6114/1521>.

P. Jenniskens, M.D. Fries, Qing-Zhu Yin, et al., (the Sutter's Mill Meteorite Consortium), 2012, Science, 338, 1583, "Radar-enabled recovery of the Sutter's Mill Meteorite, a carbonaceous chondrite regolith breccia." See: <www.sciencemag.org/content/338/6114/1583.abstract>.

Ph. Plait, HuffingtonPost.com, 21 December 2012, "How to defend Earth from asteroids." See: <www.huffingtonpost.com/phil-plait/defending-earth-from-asteroids_b_2341804.html>.

Polonnaruwa Fireball and Meteorite. On 29 December 2012, a fireball lit up the early evening skies over the Sri Lanka province of Polonnaruwa. Hot, sparkling fragments of the fireball rained down across the countryside and witnesses reported the strong odour of tar or asphalt. See: <www.technologyreview.com/view/512381/astrobiologists-find-ancient-fossils-in-fireball-fragments/?goback=%2Emid_I471135276*416_*1>.
Ref.:
- J. Wallis, N. Miyake, R. Hoover, et al., 6 March 2013, e-print arXiv:1303.1845, Journal of Cosmology, 22, No.2, March 2013, "The Polonnaruwa meteorite: oxygen isotope, crystalline and biological composition." See: <arxiv.org/abs/1303.1845/>.

9446 NEAs known (ranging in size up to ~32 km: 1036 Ganymed, 1924 TD, H = 9.45 mag, D = 31.7 km), of which 1363 PHAs (ranging in size from 140 m up to ~5 km: 4179 Toutatis, 1989 AC, H = 15.3 mag, D = 4.6×2.4×1.9 km, PHA). See: <neo.jpl.nasa.gov/stats/>.

F. Albarede, C. Ballhaus, J. Blichert-Toft, et al., 2013, Icarus, 222, 44, "Asteroidal impacts and the origin of terrestrial and lunar volatiles." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013Icar..222...44A>.

C. Beeson, J. Galache, M. Elvis, 2013, American Astronomical Society, AAS Meeting #221, #353.10, "Human missions to asteroids: scaling Near-Earth Asteroid discovery and characterization from Earth." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AAS...22135310B>.

T.L. Dunn, T.H. Burbine, W.F. Bottke, J.P. Clark, 2013, Icarus, 222, 273, "Mineralogies and source regions of near-Earth asteroids." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013Icar..222..273D>.

D. Lazzaro, M.A. Barucci, D. Perna, et al., 2013, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 549, 2, "Rotational spectra of (162173) 1999 JU3, the target of the Hayabusa 2 mission." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013A%26A...549L...2L>.

D.F. Lupishko, I.N. Teleusova, 2013, Solar System Research, 47, 20, "Axial rotation of near-earth asteroids: the influence of the YORP effect." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013SoSyR..47...20L>.

R.G. Martin, M. Livio, 2013, Monthly Notices Royal Astronomical Society (Letters), 428, L11, "On the formation and evolution of asteroid belts and their potential significance for life." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013MNRAS.428L..11M>.
See also: <www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2012-345>, <www.space.com/18326-asteroid-belt-evolution-alien-life.html>.

N. Perez, R. Cardenas, O. Martin, R. Rojas, 2013, Astrophysics & Space Science, 343, 7, "Modeling the onset of photosynthesis after the Chicxulub asteroid impact." See: <link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10509-012-1256-6>.

A. Riddle, J.G. Ries, 2013, American Astronomical Society, AAS Meeting #221, #353.08, "Precision astrometry of Near Earth Objects at McDonald Observatory." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AAS...22135308R>.

2013, Jan 9

Asteroid 99942 Apophis (2004 MN4, H = 19.7 mag, D = 325 ± 15 m, M ≈ 4.7 × 10¹⁰ kg, orbital P = 0.89 yr, PHA) passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 37.6 LD (= 0.097 AU). Minimum miss distance 37.6 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2004+MN4&orb=1>, <www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Herschel_intercepts_asteroid_Apophis>, <neo.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news178.html>, <en.wikipedia.org/wiki/99942_Apophis>.
Ref:
-  M. Delbò, A. Cellino, E.F. Tedesco, 2007, Icarus, 188, 266, "Albedo and size determination of potentially hazardous asteroids: (99942) Apophis." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007Icar..188..266D>;
- J.D. Giorgini, L.A.M. Benner, S.J. Ostro, et al., 2008, Icarus, 193, 1, "Predicting the Earth encounters of (99942) Apophis." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008Icar..193....1G>;
- S.-P Gong, J.-F Li, X.-Y. Zeng, 2011, Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics, 11, 1123, "Utilization of H-reversal trajectory of solar sail for asteroid deflection." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011RAA....11.1123G>.
- V.A. Shor, Yu. A. Chernetenko, O.M. Kochetova, N.B. Zheleznov, 2012, Solar System Research, 46, 119, "On the impact of the Yarkovsky effect on Apophis' orbit." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012SoSyR..46..119S>.
- D. Bancelin, F. Colas, W. Thuillot, et al., 2012, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 544, 15, "Asteroid (99942) Apophis: new predictions of Earth encounters for this potentially hazardous asteroid." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012A%26A...544A..15B>.
- L.L. Sokolov, A.A. Bashakov, T.P. Borisova, et al., 2012, Solar System Research, 46, 291, "Impact trajectories of the asteroid Apophis in the 21st century." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012SoSyR..46..291S>.
- D. Farnocchia, S.R. Chesley, P.W. Chodas, et al., 2013, Icarus, 224, 192, "Yarkovsky-driven impact risk analysis for asteroid (99942) Apophis." See: <www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019103513000821>.
See also: 13 April 1907, 14 April 1949, 14 April 1998, 19 June 2004, 13 April 2029, 23 March 1936, 11 September 2059, <neo.jpl.nasa.gov/apophis/>, <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2013-015>,
<www.space.com/19193-asteroid-apophis-bigger-live-webcasts.html>, <www.jpl.nasa.gov/asteroidwatch/newsfeatures.cfm?release=2013-017>.

8th NASA Small Bodies Assessment Group meeting, 14-16 January 2013, Washington (DC, USA). See: <www.lpi.usra.edu/sbag/>, <icpi.nasaprs.com/8sbag>.
Among the presentations:
- P.A. Abell, 2013, "Human exploration and the role of NEOs: a NASA perspective." See: <ow.ly/h3J14>.
- I. Carnelli, A. Galuèz, 2013, "Asteroid Impact Mission (AIM).
ESA’s NEO exploration precursor." See: <ow.ly/h3KQi>.
- S. Ulamec, 2013, "Exploration of small bodies – activities at DLR." See: <ow.ly/h3Cj2>.
- J. Kawaguchi, 2013, "The future of human exploration and the role of NEOs." See: <ow.ly/hqKC8>.
- V. Hipkin, D. Laurin, 2013, "Canadian Space Agency
perspective." See: <ow.ly/hqKKJ/>.
- P. Michel, 2013, "International Primitive Exploration Working Group (IPEWG) 2013." See: <ow.ly/hqLc1>.
- A. Rivkin, M. Sykes, 2013, " NEO/Phobos/Deimos. Strategic Knowledge Gaps. SAT report summary." See: <ow.ly/hqLqa>.
- M. Horanyi, 2013, "Dust, the missing SKG." See: <ow.ly/hqLRk>.
- J. Kawaguchi, 2013, "Outline of the next asteroid sample return mission - Hayabusa 2." See: <ow.ly/hqMeI>.
- Chunlai Li, Han Li, 2013, "Chang'e 2 flyby of Toutatis." See: <ow.ly/hqMna>.
- M. Busch, L. Benner, M. Brozovic, et al., and the Goldstone and VLA observing staff, 2013, "Toutatis: 2012 radar observations." See: <ow.ly/hqMAv>.
- M. Nolan, 2013, "Status of Arecibo observations of NEOs." See: <ow.ly/hqN5G>.
- S.R. Chesley, 2013, "ISIS – Impactor for Surface and Interior Science." See: <ow.ly/hqNbD>.
- L. Johnson, 2013, "Near Earth Objects. The NEO Observation Program and planetary defense." See: <ow.ly/hqNg6>.

Asteroid 2013 BR27 (H = 27.8 mag, D ≈ 10 m), passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.6 LD. Minimum miss distance 0.5 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2013+BR27+&orb=1>.

Deep Space Industries, Inc., a new private asteroid-mining company, presented an ambitious plan to exploit the resources of asteroids. See: <www.space.com/19362-asteroid-mining-deep-space-industries.html>,
<www.space.com/19368-asteroid-mining-deep-space-industries.html>, <www.space.com/19380-asteroid-mining-spaceflight-competition.html>,
<www.space.com/19462-asteroid-mining-deep-space-industries-birth.html>.

Asteroid 2013 CY (H = 28.3 mag, D ≈ 8 m), passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.9 LD. Minimum miss distance 0.9 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2013+CY+&orb=1>.

M.-J. Kim, Y.-J. Choi, H.-K. Moon, et al., 2013, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 550, L11, "Optical observations of NEA 162173 (1999 JU3) during the 2011-2012 apparition." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013A%26A...550L..11K>.

G.L. Matloff, 2013, Acta Astronomica, 82, 209, "Deflecting Earth-threatening asteroids using the solar collector: an improved model." See: <www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0094576512001713>.

V.P. Vasylyev, 2012, Earth, Moon, and Planets, 110, 67, "Deflection of hazardous Near-Earth Objects by high concentrated sunlight and adequate design of optical collector." See: <link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11038-012-9410-2>.

K. Beatty, 2013, Sky & Telescope, 1 February 2013, "The first-ever meteorite from Mercury?" [NWA 7325] See: <http://www.skyandtelescope.com/astronomy-news/the-first-ever-meteorite-from-mercury/>.
See also: <phys.org/news/2013-04-meteorite-mystery-stone-mercury.html>.

K. Miljković, G.S. Collins, S. Mannick, P.A. Bland, 2013, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 363, 121, "Morphology and population of binary asteroid impact craters." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013E%26PSL.363..121M>.

Asteroid 2013 CY32 (H = 28.1 mag, D ≈ 9 m), passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.2 LD. Minimum miss distance 0.2 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2013+CY32+&orb=1>.

H. Pälike, 2013, Science, 339, 655, "Impact and extinction." See: <www.sciencemag.org/content/339/6120/655.summary>.

P.R. Renne, A.L. Deono, F.J. Hilgen, et al., 2013, Science, 339, 684, "Time scales of critical events around the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary." See: <www.sciencemag.org/content/339/6120/684.abstract>. See also: <www.livescience.com/26933-chicxulub-cosmic-impact-dinosaurs.html>.

Asteroid 2013 CL129 (H = 28.4 mag, D ≈ 8 m), passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.7 LD. Minimum miss distance 0.7 LD.
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2013+CL129+&orb=1>.
See also: 11 February 1940.

UN - Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UN-COPUOS) Scientific and Technical SubCommittee, 50th session, in Vienna (Austria). WG NEO and Action Team 14 on NEOs did meet, chaired by Sergio Camacho (Mexico).
See: <www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/COPUOS/stsc/2013/index.html>, <www.oosa.unvienna.org/pdf/limited/c1/AC105_C1_L328E.pdf>, <www.space.com/19833-russia-meteor-asteroid-threat.html>, <www.space.com/19840-asteroid-impact-threat-united-nations.html>.
Draft report:
<www.oosa.unvienna.org/pdf/limited/c1/AC105_C1_L333E.pdf>.
Report:
<www.oosa.unvienna.org/pdf/reports/ac105/AC105_1038E.pdf>.
Technical presentations:
- S. Camacho, 2013, "Report of the Action Team on Near-Earth Objects: recommendations for an international response to a NEO threat." See: <www.oosa.unvienna.org/pdf/pres/stsc2013/2013neo-01E.pdf>.
- A. Harris, L. Drube, 2013, "Mitigation of the NEO impact threat." See: <www.oosa.unvienna.org/pdf/pres/stsc2013/2013neo-03E.pdf>.
- L.N. Johnson, D. Koschny, 2013, "Recommendations of the Action Team on NEOs for an international response to the Near-Earth Object impact threat." See: <www.oosa.unvienna.org/pdf/pres/stsc2013/2013neo-04E.pdf>.
- L.N. Johnson, 2013, "Flyby of 2012 DA14: preliminary results." See: <www.oosa.unvienna.org/pdf/pres/stsc2013/2013neo-05E.pdf>.
- L.N. Johnson, 2013, "Chelyabinsk Event 15 Feb 2013: initial preliminary analysis." See: <www.oosa.unvienna.org/pdf/pres/stsc2013/2013neo-06E.pdf>.
- D. Koschny, "The status of ESA's Near-Earth Object segment." See: <www.oosa.unvienna.org/pdf/pres/stsc2013/tech-36E.pdf>.
- T. Spahr, "NEO threat detection and warning: plans for an international asteroid warning network." See: <www.oosa.unvienna.org/pdf/pres/stsc2013/2013neo-02E.pdf>.
- D. Yeomans, 2013, NASA's Near-Earth Object Program Office and 2012 DA14. See: <www.oosa.unvienna.org/pdf/pres/stsc2013/tech-33E.pdf>.
- M. Yoshikawa, 2013, Japan's asteroid missions Hayabusa and Hayabusa 2. See: <www.oosa.unvienna.org/pdf/pres/stsc2013/tech-35E.pdf>.

P. Lubin, G. Hughes, 2013, UC Santa Barbera News Release, "California scientists propose system to vaporize asteroids that threaten Earth." See: <www.ia.ucsb.edu/pa/display.aspx?pkey=2943>.

C.B. Agee, N.V. Wilson, F.M. McCubbin, et al., 2013, Science, 339, 780, "Unique meteorite from early Amazonian Mars: water-rich basaltic breccia Northwest Africa 7034." See: <www.sciencemag.org/content/early/2013/01/02/science.1228858>.
See also: <www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/mars/news/mars20130103.html>, <www.space.com/19117-mars-meteorite-martian-missing-link.html>.

Chelyabinsk Superbolide, Fireball, Airburst and Meteorite. Infrasound data taken around the globe indicate that the pre-impacting asteroid had an estimated size of 17 to 20 meters and an estimated mass of 11,000 tons. It was an estimated 24^th mag object just before impact. The asteroid approached the Earth along a direction that remained within 15 degrees of the direction of the Sun. Asteroid detection telescopes cannot scan regions of the sky this close to the Sun. The amount of energy released during the event was 440 kT TNT. The event took 32.5 seconds from atmospheric entry, with a velocity of ~18.6 km/s, to the meteorite's airborne disintegration at an altitude of 23.3 km. Three meteorite debris impact sites were found, two of which are in an area near Chebarkul Lake, west of Chelyabinsk (Ural, Russia). The third site was found ~ 80 km further to the northwest, near the town of Zlatoust. One of the fragments that struck near Chebarkul left a hole six meters in diameter in the frozen surface of a lake. The airburst shock wave, which arrived 88 seconds after the superbolide's flash, damaged numerous buildings, and blew out thousands of glass windows amid frigid winter weather. Over 1500 people needed medical attention for minor injuries.
See: <rt.com/news/meteorite-crash-urals-chelyabinsk-283/>, <marateaman.livejournal.com/27910.html>, <www.space.com/19801-possible-meteor-blast-russia.html>,
<http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2013-061>, <www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2013-061>, <blogs.nature.com/news/2013/02/incoming-russia-feels-meteor-blast.html >, <science.time.com/2013/02/15/photos-russia-meteor-explosion-shatters-windows-injures-hundreds/#ixzz2OI5RTbA4>, <www.nytimes.com/2013/02/16/world/europe/meteorite-fragments-are-said-to-rain-down-on-siberia.html?nl=todaysheadlines&emc=edit_th_20130216&_r=1&>, <articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-02-15/opinions/37117891_1_meteor-da14-earth>, <www.space.com/19823-russia-meteor-explosion-complete-coverage.html>, <www.space.com/19833-russia-meteor-asteroid-threat.html>, <www.space.com/19834-russian-meteor-crash-trail-and-trajectory-animated.html>, <www.space.com/19837-russia-fireball-asteroid-impact-surprise.html>, <apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap130218.html>, <apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap130223.html>, <www.space.com/19840-asteroid-impact-threat-united-nations.html>, <dawn.com/2013/02/16/divers-scour-russian-lake-after-meteor-strike-injures-1200/> <www.space.com/19847-russian-meteorites-found-chelyabinsk-fireball.html>, <www.space.com/19852-russian-meteor-infrasound.html>, <rt.com/news/meteorite-rush-biggest-fragment-404/>, <blogs.nature.com/news/2013/02/more-details-of-russian-meteor-emerge.html>, <www.nature.com/news/eyes-and-ears-1.12441>, <www.space.com/19966-russian-meteor-asteroid-deflection-options.html>, <www.space.com/19974-russian-meteor-explosion-origin-size.html>, <neo.jpl.nasa.gov/news/fireball_130301.html>, <neo.jpl.nasa.gov/fireballs/>, <www.skyandtelescope.com/community/skyblog/newsblog/Update-on-the-Russian-Mega-Meteor-195553631.html>, <www.space.com/20323-russia-meteor-explosion-meteorites.html>, <www.thespacereview.com/article/2277/1>, <www.nytimes.com/2013/03/21/science/space/better-asteroid-detection-needed-experts-say.html?_r=1&>, <www.nytimes.com/2013/03/26/science/space/in-asteroids-aftermath-a-sigh-of-relief.html?pagewanted=all&_r=2&;>, <en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Russian_meteor_event>.
Ref:
- P. Brown, February 2013, WGN, Journal of the International Meteor Organization, 41, 22, "A preliminary report on the Chelyabinsk Fireball/Airburst." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JIMO...41...22B>.
- J.I. Zuluaga, I. Ferrin, 21 February 2013, e-print arXiv:1302.5377, "A preliminary reconstruction of the orbit of the Chelyabinsk Meteoroid." See: <arxiv.org/abs/1302.5377>.
- J.I. Zuluaga, I. Ferrin, S. Geens, 7 March 2013, submitted to Earth and Planetary Science Letters, e-print arXiv:1303.1796, "The orbit of the Chelyabinsk event impactor as reconstructed from amateur and public footage." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013arXiv1303.1796Z>,
- C. Parigini, J.L. Cano, R. Haya-Ramos, 8 April 2013, e-print arXiv:1304.2410, "Preliminary estimation of the footprint and survivability of the Chelyabinsk Meteor fragments." See:<adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013arXiv1304.2410P>.
- A. Le Pichon, L. Ceranna, C. Pilger, et al., 28 July 2013, Geophysical Research Letters, 40, 3732, "The 2013 Russian fireball largest ever detected by CTBTO infrasound sensors." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013GeoRL..40.3732L>.
- T. Kohout, M. Gritsevich, V.I. Grokhovsky, et al., 24 September 2013, Icarus, in press, e-print arXiv: 1309.6081, "Mineralogy, reflectance spectra, and physical properties of the Chelyabinsk LL5 chondrite, insight into shock induced changes in asteroid regoliths." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013arXiv1309.6081K>.

Asteroid 2012 DA14 (H = 24.0 mag, D ≈ 40 × 20 m), discovered on 23 February 2012 by the Spanish Observatorio Astronomico de la Sagra, passed Earth at a nominal miss distance of 0.08859 LD (= 5.3453 R_Earth from the geocenter, = 34,055 km from the geocenter, = 27,684 km from the Earth surface; thus well within the Geostationary Earth Orbit, 35,786 km above the equator), with a relative velocity of 7.8 km/s. Minimum miss distance 0.08859 LD (= 5.3453 R_Earth from the geocenter, = 34,055 km from the geocenter, = 27,684 km from the Earth surface).
See: <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2012+DA14&orb=1>, <www.planetary.org/blogs/guest-blogs/3418.html>, <http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news177.html>.
Ref:
- J. de Leon, J.L. Ortiz, N. Pinilla-Alonso, et al., July 2013, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 555, L2, "Visible and near-infrared observations of asteroid 2012 DA14 during its closest approach of February 15th, 2013." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013A%26A...555L...2D>.
- I.Wlodarczyk, 2012, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 427, 1175, "The potentially dangerous asteroid 2012 DA14." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012MNRAS.427.1175W>.
- S. Urakawa, M. Fujii, H. Hanayama, et al., 25 August 2013, Publications Astronomical Society of Japan, 65, L9, "Visible spectroscopic observations of Near-Earth Object 2012 DA14." See: <adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013PASJ...65L...9U>.
See also: <www.oam.es/Asteroid_2012DA14.htm>, <en.ria.ru/science/20120226/171543660.html>, <neo.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news174.html>, <www.space.com/14828-asteroid-impact-panic-psychology.html>, <www.physorg.com/news/2012-03-near-miss-asteroid-year.html>, <www.space.com/19432-close-approach-of-asteroid-2012-da14-fear-vs-fact-video.html>, <neo.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news177.html>, <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2013-041>,
<www.space.com/19432-close-approach-of-asteroid-2012-da14-fear-vs-fact-video.html>, <www.space.com/19540-asteroid-2012-da14-earth-flyby.html>, <www.space.com/19646-asteroid-2012-da14-earth-flyby-complete-coverage.html>, <www.space.com/19669-asteroid-2012-da14-earth-flyby-explained-infographic.html>,
<www.space.com/19724-asteroid-2012-da14-misses-satellites-and-earth-fortunately-new-animation.html>,
<www.space.com/19729-asteroid-2012-da14-earth-close-shave.html>, <www.space.com/19821-asteroid-2012-da14-flyby-meteor.html>, <www.space.com/19825-asteroid-2012-da14-first-photos.html>, <earthsky.org/space/asteroid-2012-da14-will-pass-very-close-to-earth-in-2013>, <www.space.com/19840-asteroid-impact-threat-united-nations.html>, <www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2013-063>, <b612foundation.org/faq-on-the-chelyabinsk-asteroid-impact/>, <b612foundation.org/so-how-big-are-these-neos-anyway/>, <en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_DA14>, 17 February 1918, 19 August 2004, 16 February 2012, 15 February 2046, 15 February 2087.